A view from below: industrial re-structuring and women's employment at four Russian enterprises

The labor market in Russia has changed significantly during the last decade. This transformation has resulted in notable changes in employment and unemployment patterns, and in labor mobility, flexibility and insecurity. One critical question is whether these changes signal important differences in labor market outcomes by gender. The approach taken here is to focus on the Russian industrial enterprise. In our study, we find that women experience different internal labor market opportunities and external job prospects than men and those differences in experience are reflected in the actual hiring practices at our firms, with men substituting for women, and women finding it particularly difficult to negotiate the increasingly closed labor market in Russia. At the same time important differences persist among women, differences that do not exist for men.     

Subnational competitive authoritarianism and power-sharing in Bosnia and Herzegovina

ABSTRACT

Incremental democratic decline is evident in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), but measures of democracy conceal an uneven subnational distribution of autocratization. So far there has been limited research on the drivers and constraints to subnational autocratization. This paper aims to contribute to the literature on power-sharing by exploring instances of illiberal politics enacted by parties in government at the subnational level in BiH. Evidence is gathered through semi-structured interviews and analysis of three specific cases of illiberal politics. We find that the political contest in BiH is purposefully contained within ethnic and subnational boundaries and constrained through several layers of institutionalized multilevel and ethnic checks and balances. The main drivers of subnational autocratization are opportunities that arise from the institutional framework established during early democratization and postwar structures that blend executive dominance with economic power and informal party networks, and occasionally from an individual actor’s perceptions of threat. Democratization in BiH will need to address subnational politics and deep-rooted power structures if it is to be successful.     

生命法史考

作为生命法学研究对象的生命法拥有自身独特的发展历程。国外生命法与中国生命法尽管显现出了不尽相同的发展进路，但却有着相同的推动力量。具体来说：生命法的发展是经济社会进步的必然结果，是科技进步的必然结果。生命法的本质使命在于保障人类生命伦理社会秩序的相对稳定。就其发展进路来看，生命科技的不断进步与人类经济社会的持续发展使得生命法的调整范围必然呈现出日渐扩大的趋向，其体系构成必然会逐步完善，而生命法的内容也会越来越趋向于理性。     

民族地区经济社会的梯度结构与人力资源的梯次开发

采取以人力资源开发为先导的发展战略 ,是实现民族地区经济社会超常规发展的必然选择。遵循人力资源开发的基本规律 ,从民族地区经济发展不平衡的梯度结构出发 ,对民族地区人力资源实施梯次开发 ,则是民族地区实施人力资源开发的基本战略选择     

Parties, rules and government legislative control in Central Europe: The case of Poland

A distinguishing feature of Central European polities is a strong policy-shaping role of parliaments. This article demonstrates how party political and procedural factors set the scene for the executive's loss of legislative control in Poland. Parties undermine the governmental grip because of their limited internal cohesion and competitive coalitional strategies. Parliamentary rules reinforce such party effects. The executive can shield its bills from amendments by relying mainly on partisan controls, not formal privileges. But, as an analysis of over 300 bills shows, when party discipline and coalition cooperation are in short supply, partisan controls are ineffective as instruments of legislative control.     

From dictatorship to democracy: the US and regime change in Paraguay, 1954–1994

Abstract— This paper seeks to analyse the external sources of democratisation in Paraguay, specifically how the US contributed to regime change in that country. In the small and vulnerable countries of Latin America, like in Central America, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Paraguay, where the US played a portentous role in the rise, consolidation and demise of authoritarian regimes during the Cold War, Washington has also rendered a vital, but often neglected role, in protecting and enhancing democratic rule. This paper also provides an analysis of the different forms of leverage exercised by the US before and during Paraguay's transition.     

多民族共存与民族歧视——当代东南亚族际关系的两个侧面

互为依存的经济生活使各民族共生共荣,历史文化的差异又使民族歧视普遍存在,当代东南亚族际关系的两面性和复杂性与政治、经济发展的不平衡相互交织,共同作用于战后本地区的历史进程,并使东南亚成为当今世界族际关系变幻莫测的地区之一.     

"法团主义"模式下的工会角色

在观察团体冲突方面,人们熟悉的凡个理论模型都肯定了冲突的存在,但关于解决冲突的结论很不相同.法团主义提出,利益团体的竞争已经造成了冲突膨胀、社会团体的代表范围狭窄.团体间相互排斥.甚至分裂等严重的政治问题.故需要建立一个以国家作为中心的统合结构,重新整合利益团体的行为秩序.这个秩序要求在国家和社会功能组织之间,建立常规性的互动体系,让社会团体成为传输基层信息的通道,行使协调国家和公民关系的职能,从而将利益代表团体统合进国家的决策体系中.工会作为社会功能组织之一,应当在国家和职工之间担当这样的角色.     

国际私法中最密切联系原则本质浅析

民商法是国际私法的基础,而最密切联系原则则是当代国际私法的核心问题,也是学术界一直在热烈讨论的热点问题和难点问题。任何一个具体的法律关系在客观上绝对存在着一个“最适应”的法律与之相适应。在这一理论基点上,本文对其本质加以探讨,运用历史的、比较的和逻辑的方法,揭示国际司法中最密切联系原则的本质,深化对最密切联系原则的认识。     

预防与处置群体性事件中的警察公共关系

群体性事件的形成与发展是一定的政治、经济、文化等多种社会矛盾的综合反映。警察作为维护社会安定的重要力量,加强对警察公共关系的研究是公安机关更好地预防和处置群体性事件的迫切需要。警察在预防和处置群体性事件中扮演维护社会秩序、保证公共安全的的角色,运用警察公共关系化解社会矛盾是可行的,开展警务公关的具体措施包括:牢固树立舆情观念和公关意识、严密舆情控制、及时开展应对公关及必要时现场喊话公关等。