我国跨境民族语言认同研究的现状与展望

语言认同是一种复杂的文化心理趋同现象,是其它认同的基础,深刻地影响着人们的语言行为。跨境民族的国家通用语认同、民族语认同和外语认同直接关系到国家发展战略、边疆民族地区社会安全稳定和民族语言文化的传承与保护。我国的跨境民族多,但国内学者关于跨境民族语言认同的研究还很少。基于现有语言认同研究相关文献,本文分析讨论了语言认同的基本概念和跨境民族语言认同研究现状,并提出了未来研究我国跨境民族语言认同的路径和建议。     

Discrimination and ethnic conflict: a dyadic analysis of politically-excluded groups in sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACT

The literature on political exclusion and conflict tends to treat grievance-based mechanisms with broad-brush strokes and does not differentiate between types of political exclusion. This study disaggregates politically-excluded groups into two subgroups: groups that experience political discrimination from the state, and groups without political power that are not explicitly discriminated against. We posit that discriminated groups are more likely to experience grievances and therefore are more prone to conflict than excluded groups that are not actively discriminated against. We further posit that the effect of discrimination on conflict is moderated by interactions with economic inequalities and the share of elites. Using dyadic data for 155 ethnic groups in 28 Sub-Saharan African countries, we find that among politically-excluded groups it is indeed discriminated groups that are responsible for most of the association between political exclusion and conflict. Groups that face active, intentional, and targeted discrimination by the state are significantly more likely to be involved in conflict than excluded groups who do not face this explicit form of discrimination. Additionally, we find that discriminated groups who also experience economic inequalities are less likely to engage in conflict, whilst an increased presence of elites within discriminated groups can precipitate the chances of conflict.     

空间互适共生视角下黔北傩戏永续传承体系的重构与路径研究

空间环境孕育和成就了文化,具有代表性的在地文化沉淀下来后,则成为环境的象征符号并反作用于空间环境。在设计少数民族传统文化在空间和环境中新的活动、形式乃至构成体系时,必须充分考虑尊重少数民族传统文化所生发的土壤,观照少数民族传统文化艺术形式的特征,尊重以黔北傩戏为代表的少数民族传统文化的历史文脉与当地空间环境交互的特点,才能使黔北傩戏的活力在新的时代焕发新的光彩。在开辟新的黔北傩戏传承思路时,应当以当代黔北傩戏的发展需求为要义,创造一个满足当代人对以黔北傩戏为代表的少数民族传统文化加深交互、产生需求的环境,利用当代媒介环境的需求来启发社会活动,并塑造与人的需求、文化的发展需求相适应的环境和空间。     

少数民族地区高校英语翻转课堂:基于POA理论的探讨

众所周知,长期以来中国英语课堂教学"学用分离"问题较为严重。这个问题在少数民族地区尤为突出,因为少数民族地区高校的生源英语基础普遍薄弱,特别表现在英语听说和语法掌握等方面。产出导向法POA理论体系针对的正是中国学生"学用分离"的问题。文章基于POA理论,在设计和实施翻转课堂时,要求在课堂教学中,输出驱动后,一定要使相应的输入与输出任务尽可能精准对接,才能有效促成输出的顺利完成,从而有效地解决"学用分离"的问题。     

From ethnic exclusion to terrorism? The case of radical Basque nationalism

ABSTRACT

This article reflects upon the beginnings and development of radical Basque nationalism in light of its ethnic exclusion criteria. We argue that the existence of a tradition of “strong” alterity does not necessarily lead to the appearance of tendencies favoring the use of violence to confront the other. Without rejecting the importance of a discourse of hate proceeding from the past, such tendencies are due more to a combination of the historical context and individual and group decisions. It is important to bear this in mind to underscore the responsibilities of those who were not satisfied with constructing the image of a despicable enemy, but instead decided to employ violence to solve the problem that the latter might cause.     

Rural informalities and forest squatters in the reserved forests of Assam,India

It has now been well established that forests in South Asia are postcolonial political zones. In Assam, in northeast India this was accomplished through the colonial project of converting jungles into Reserved Forests. Using the politics of dokhol (“to grab or occupy by force”) as an entry point, this article examines the comparative epistemologies of squatting and informality in urban and rural contexts. My intent is to unpack the everyday practice, maintenance, and sustenance of dokhol within the reserved forests of Bodo Territorial Autonomous District. This entails an extension of existing scholarship on formal-informal dichotomies in relation to rural squatters, in particular those on forestland. I do so by combining an ethnographic study of dokhol by rural squatters with three influential strands of critical scholarship on urban squatting, namely Partha Chatterjee’s “political society,” Asaf Bayat’s “quiet encroachment,” and Ananya Roy’s take on planning and deregulation. This article advances the case of rural informalities and opens a dialogue between the two forms of informalities – rural and urban, especially in the context of South Asia.     

Party competition over decentralisation: The influence of ideology and electoral incentives on issue emphasis

Under what conditions is decentralisation a salient issue for state‐wide political parties? It is argued in this article that the extent to which state‐wide parties emphasise decentralisation depends on their strategic considerations: on their overall ideology, on the electoral incentives created by the context in which they compete, and on the interaction between the two. The results of the analysis of party manifestos in 31 countries since 1945 are as follows. First, parties that pay greater attention to cultural matters relative to economic matters tend to talk more about decentralisation. Second, the systemic salience of decentralisation also encourages parties to talk more about decentralisation. Third, the larger the regionally based ethnic groups within a country, the more salience all state‐wide political parties will attach to decentralisation. Finally, only parties that put greater relative emphasis on cultural matters tend to respond to the electoral threat of regionalist parties. The influence of territorial diversity on the salience of decentralisation thus works through two channels and is partly conditioned by political parties’ ideological profile.     

从民族生态的特点看移民式扶贫开发——以广西环江的跨县异地安置为例

环江自1993起的十年时间内,以异地安置方式先后接收了近6万大石山区贫困人口。经过多年发展,移民们已较好地融入了环江当地的生产生活,从搬出来,到稳下来,正奔着“富”起来的目标踏实前行着。分析上述事件有诸多视角,本文意欲从现实民族生态的特点出发作一番尝试性思考。     

民族间社会心理差异对我国社会稳定结构的影响与对策

民族间社会心理差异是我国社会稳定结构深层次的心理文化背景,它对我国社会稳定结构的影响全面而深刻.为确保我国社会稳定结构的有效运行,一是要发展民族经济,构建平等团结的民族关系,提倡文化兼容,为我国社会稳定结构营造良好的心理文化环境;二是要多管齐下,坚决打击和遏制"三股势力",维护祖国的统一,从根本上清除极端性民族社会心理孳生的土壤;三是要加大对民族间社会心理差异和冲突问题的研究力度.     

在促进发展的过程中保护和创新民族文化

多年来,在包括贵州在内的广大西部少数民族地区,经济发展与文化传承、传统生活方式与现代化、民族文化的保护与开发等等之间,一直存在着张力。地方政府与学者在这个问题上的见解也是不尽相同的。本文通过对贵州具有典型意义的一些民族村寨的考察、分析,提出必须以高度现实主义的态度对待这些问题,有所为有所不为;必须以实现贵州少数民族群众的脱贫致富奔小康为最大、最迫切的需求,在此基础上,把少数民族文化的保护和创新推上新的台阶。