On Marx's theory of agricultural rent: A rejoinder

This paper is about the relationship between power and subjectivity in a democracy, about the lines between subjectivity and subjection, democracy and despotism. The ability of the democratic citizen to generate a politically able self depends upon technologies of subjectivity which link personal goals and desires to social order and stability, which link power an subjectivity. I begin with the contemporary self-esteem movement spearheaded by feminist Gloria Steinem and California legislator John Vasconcellos to show that programs which attempt to enhance the subjectivity of women and the poor-strategies of empowerment, self-help, and democratic participation - are also practical techniques for the subjection of individuals. I go on to outline a history of the present ‘state of esteem’ beginning with the work of Alexis de Tocqueville. I locate the emergence of democratic self-governance in the advent of the social as a sphere of governability and expertise.     

Science studies,climate change and the prospects for constructivist critique

Abstract

Starting from the debates over the ‘reality’ of global warming and the politics of science studies, I seek to clarify what is at stake politically in constructivist understandings of science and nature. These two separate but related debates point to the centrality of modern science in political discussions of the environment and to the difficulties, simultaneously technical and political, in warranting political action in the face of inevitably partial and uncertain scientific knowledge. The case of climate change then provides an experimental test case with which to explore the various responses to these challenges offered by Ulrich Beck's reflexive modernization, the normative theory of expertise advanced by Harry Collins and Robert Evans, and Bruno Latour's utopian vision for decision-making by the ‘collective’ in which traditional epistemic and institutional distinctions between science and politics are entirely superseded.     

Espaces d'interdépendance entre action publique et experts: Etat réflexif dans le champ du sida

The article aims at deepening the reconfiguration of expertise used today in public action against AIDS in the French‐speaking part of Belgium. Built onJurgen Habermas' pragmatic model of expertise, the hypothesis of a “spaceof interdependence” between public action and expertise has been developed. This angle allows to examine the proximity regime, the transactions andtheir reciprocal adjustments. The reconfiguration of expertise and what isat stake in terms of recognition are put in the context of the Belgianpolitical landscape (emergence of Ecolo) and the perception of AIDS in thewhole Europe (normalisation of AIDS). In order to refine the pragmaticmodel, we have complemented our relational framework with the integration ofagonistic dynamics of medical, associative and sociological expertises inpublic action against AIDS.     

日本司法鉴定制度的现状与改革

日本司法鉴定制度既不能满足诉讼对鉴定的需要 ,又影响了鉴定人的水准和鉴定结论的质量 ,成为导致诉讼非公正性和非效率性的重要原因。但其目前所进行的司法鉴定改革及诉讼专门委员会的设立都以法院为主导 ,虽易实现效率性 ,但难于保障公正性。中国应当吸取日本的教训 ,不仅注重规定鉴定结论与诉讼或法官的关系 ,而且更应注重建立中立的、统一的司法鉴定组织 ,注重使其他鉴定人员与司法鉴定挂钩 ,注重司法鉴定人员的司法和科学素质。     

医疗事故的责任程度--法医鉴定30例分析

目的研究医疗事故鉴定中责任程度的判定.方法通过对30例医疗纠纷案件鉴定资料的回顾性研究和统计分析,分析医疗过失、疾病对不良后果的参与度,确定责任程度大小.结论在医疗事故鉴定过程中,需要特别注意疾病因素对不良后果的影响,这对判定责任程度很重要.     

司法鉴定特性及鉴定体制改革的构想

随着科学技术的迅猛发展和法制力度的增强,繁重的司法鉴定与我国目前鉴定体制出现了诸多不相适应的问题,迫切需要改革和完善。需要我们从本质上认识和思考司法鉴定的特性和特点,建立一套符合司法鉴定规律的鉴定体系。     

宫内节育器使用所致医疗纠纷法医学鉴定

在法医鉴定中,由宫内节育器引发的医疗纠纷案例逐年增加,患者法律保护意识、医务人员的技术水平较低是此类鉴定增加的主要原因。目前宫内节育器仍然是我国妇女避孕的主要途径之一,宫内节育器医疗操作中可能发生的并发症或意外及其与医疗行为的关系,医院是否需要承担责任及责任大小等均需要明确。加强医生技能训练,采取必要的防范措施,客观评价和认识宫内节育器诊疗中的并发症,才能确保计划生育工作宫内节育器的安全可靠。     

听觉诱发电位及其法医学应用价值

当一定强度的声音刺激听觉器官时,听觉系统会发生一系列的电活动,这些电活动被称为听觉诱发电位(AEP)。根据听觉诱发电位潜伏期的长短,可将其分为短、中、长潜伏期诱发电位。不同潜伏期听觉诱发电位反映听觉神经通路不同部位的脑功能活动,在法医学鉴定中可以用于听功能与听觉通路病变的客观评定。本文综述了不同听觉诱发电位产生的机制、特征及其在法医学上的应用价值。     

浅论鉴定人的法庭位置

对于鉴定人在法庭上的位置，不同国家会有不同的选择，但这种选择仍需要遵循一般的诉讼规律和诉讼要求。在我国，鉴定人的法庭位置方面存在一些不合理之处以及亟待解决的问题，需要结合我国对鉴定人诉讼地位的认识等因素进行有针对性的审视和改造。     

司法鉴定制度改革的逻辑反思与路径探究

司法制度改革是以消解影响司法公正的体制性因素作为逻辑进路的。然而，这些消极性的体制性因素在司法鉴定制度改革过程中并未因改革而消退，法律所型构的目标不仅没有达到，而改革的成果又被改革中出现的新问题所遮蔽，致使司法鉴定制度的改革陷入了治丝益棼的窘境。因此，有必要对司法鉴定制度改革的原有逻辑进路进行反思，从中寻找出能够保障司法鉴定可靠性和可信性的路径，保障接续而来制度本身的改革以及其他制度改革得以顺利进行。