政法类高校设立司法鉴定机构改革新探

在司法鉴定制度改革中,政法类高校扮演的角色逐渐凸显。本文从司法鉴定社会化入手,较为详细地分析了高校应如何发挥自身优势,以新的思路参与到司法鉴定制度改革中去,全面推进司法鉴定社会化。     

How Valid Is Negotiation Research Based on Student Sample Groups? New Insights into a Long‐Standing Controversy

Although a considerable amount of research has examined the impact of experience on negotiation behavior and performance, we still know very little about the usefulness of student samples in negotiation research because most studies have compared the performance of inexperienced students with those who had received some kind of extensive negotiation training or with experienced professional negotiators(s). Against this background, we investigate whether the results obtained from trained student samples are generally similar to those of professional negotiators. Generally, our data confirm our hypotheses that students with some negotiation training and experience perform better than untrained student negotiators and that they are not significantly outperformed by professional negotiators. From this, we conclude that many questions in the field of negotiation research can be effectively tested by using trained students as experimental subjects.     

我国司法鉴定启动程序模式的选择

基于目前实践中鉴定启动程序存在问题较多,并且立法相对滞后,如何完善当前的司法鉴定启动程序是一个刻不容缓的课题。笔者借鉴国外先进经验并与我国实际情况相结合,对于完善鉴定启动程序作出尝试性回答。     

我国法医学鉴定体制谈

近年来，我国法医学鉴定制度问题日益突出，存在着鉴定机构重叠设置、鉴定权混乱、鉴定规则各不相同、自审自鉴等问题。文章通过对我国现行法医学鉴定体制的分析及与国外法医学鉴定体制的比较，提出对我国法医学鉴定体制进行全面、客观、系统的改革，从而建立一种适合我国国情的新型法医学鉴定体制的构想。     

家庭暴力法医学鉴定64例分析——兼论家庭暴力的危害和对策

64例家庭暴力中因丈夫施暴致妻子损伤的法医学鉴定结果资料显示,暴力类型以拳打脚踢为主(53.13%),受伤妇女损伤类型以软组织伤为主(42.18%),受伤部位以头部(53.13%)及四肢(21.88%)为主.根据法医学鉴定与家庭暴力受损伤妇女的关系可分析出家庭暴力的危害性以及采取对策,法医鉴定工作能为受害妇女提供必要的法律服务,从而使广大受害妇女的合法权益得到充公保障.     

Technocracy,Politicization, and Noninvolvement: Politics of Expertise in the European Regulation of Chemicals

This article addresses the relationship between scientific expertise and policy in European chemicals regulation. We argue that the role of scientific expertise in the European regulation of chemicals varies across decision‐making levels, countries, and stages of the policy process. Our case study of the role of scientific expertise in the regulation of brominated flame retardants illustrates considerably different manifestations of this interconnected process across regulatory arenas, even though this case concerns a single group of substances. On the European Union level, we find a mix of technocracy and politicization; in Sweden, a clear‐cut politicization; and in Poland, noninvolvement. Such differences can be explained by a combination of factors, in particular frame dominance, and mobilization of advocacy coalitions.     

Lesson-Drawing from New Zealand and Covid-19: The Need for Anticipatory Policy Making

The Covid-19 pandemic has seen most governments worldwide having to think on their feet rather than implementing detailed and well-rehearsed plans. This is notwithstanding the fact that a pandemic was bound to happen, sooner or later (and will happen again). The effectiveness of national responses has varied enormously. Globally, New Zealand has been perceived as setting the gold standard in ‘curve crushing’, and for a short period achieved Covid-free status. For this achievement, much credit is due to the New Zealand government, especially to Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern. However, post-lockdown the New Zealand government has encountered a number of Covid policy implementation problems (many of which could have been anticipated). Nevertheless, Covid-19 might still turn out to have been a seismic shock to existing policy processes and policy frames (such as austerity). If so, there are grounds for hope that in the future, governments and voters might be less short-term in their outlook. Perhaps anticipatory, rather than reactive policy making, might become more fashionable?     

高校司法鉴定机构在学校的地位和作用

从高校司法鉴定机构的角度,论述了高校司法鉴定机构主要特征和性质。高校的发展离不开教学、科研和社会服务三个方面,高校司法鉴定机构的发展为教学提供了优秀的实习基地,是培养科研和社会中高级专业人才的基地;是教学方法创新、教学资料积累和师生观念转变的源泉;高校司法鉴定机构拥有良好的社会声誉;为科研提供研究内容,教学和科研成果的转化推动了高校和司法鉴定的发展,有利于优势学科组成学科群式的集成平台,并促进司法鉴定制度的完善和发展。     

我国知识产权司法鉴定程序探析

知识产权司法鉴定程序具有浓厚的主观色彩,因此规范鉴定程序至关重要。目前我国司法鉴定程序存在鉴定人资格审查不够严格,鉴定内容不合理,鉴定程序不规范,鉴定标准不统一等问题,特别是鉴定程序的不规范和鉴定标准的不统一,严重影响了我国知识产权司法鉴定结论的质量。对此,我们参考美国法官认定知识产权侵权的方法和规则,初步提出了一套可操作的知识产权司法鉴定程序规则和鉴定标准。     

医疗纠纷的法医学鉴定

目的研究医疗纠纷法医学鉴定的特点,并讨论医疗纠纷法医学鉴定的重点及难点。方法将医疗缺陷分为责任性缺陷、技术性缺陷、管理性缺陷、学科性缺陷和其他缺陷,对36件案例分别进行分类并进行统计。其中把18例由医疗事故鉴定委员会鉴定的结论与我室的鉴定结果进行比较分析,其他18例另行统计。结果36例案件中存在医疗缺陷的占86.11%,其中技术性缺陷66.67%,责任性缺陷和管理性缺陷均占25%。18例由医疗事故鉴定委员会鉴定的结论与我室的鉴定结果进行比较,医疗缺陷的认定两者有明显差异(P<0.05),对于医疗缺陷已对患者造成不良影响的认定,两者具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论法医进行医疗纠纷的鉴定,对医疗纠纷诉讼案件的处理起着积极的作用。目前,医疗纠纷的法医学鉴定仍存在许多问题需要进一步讨论。