论痕迹检验鉴定书与痕迹检验意见书的证据效力

在司法诉讼活动中 ,对于痕迹检验鉴定书和痕迹检验意见书的证据作用 ,仍存在有一些不明确的认识。本文明确提出了痕迹检验鉴定书与痕迹检验意见书存在有不同的证据效力。痕迹鉴定书是对所检验的痕迹进行同一认定的书面表现形式 ,具有明显的证据效力 ;痕迹检验意见书是对所检验的痕迹进行属性分析 ,提出倾向性看法的书面表现形式 ,是痕迹鉴定的补充参考材料 ,没有明显的证据效力。因此 ,在司法诉讼中要正确运用。     

Oprah.com: Lifestyle expertise and the politics of recognition

The contemporary mediascape has been marked by a proliferation of popular TV genres in which the public appear as central protagonists. These genres are part of a broader shift in the relationship between media and audiences which challenges traditional conceptions of public service broadcasting and appear to represent a shift from media as public knowledge to media as constituting a space for diffuse popular engagement. A central feature of this shift has been the growing role of popular forms of expertise on television. This paper maps the main critical debates around participatory television and the role of the expert, from earlier work on talk shows to more recent discussions of reality and makeover TV. It notes a transition within the critical media and cultural studies literature from a focus on public sphere theory and questions of democratization to a growing concern with the role played by popular media culture in supporting new modes of governance based on the expert mediation of normative self-control. In this paper we analyze the role of experts on Oprah Winfrey's popular website Oprah.com, noting both the utility and limitations of a governmental perspective. Extending upon Foucault's notion of the productive nature of liberal subjecthood, the paper suggests the more positive role played by popular expertise in contributing to a media-civic culture articulated to a politics of recognition.     

中美司法精神病学鉴定制度比较

拥有专门知识的人才进入司法程序,凭其专业知识对专门技术问题发表意见。这样的人在大陆法系被称为鉴定人,在英美法系则被称为专家证人,我国使用鉴定人称谓。本文从司法鉴定管理体制、司法鉴定人制度、司法鉴定启动制度及司法鉴定程序制度等方面对中美两国司法精神病学的司法鉴定制度进行比较。最后简要介绍两个特殊的问题:最终争论和结论质证。     

伪聋的瞬态诱发性耳声发射的研究

目的　探讨识别伪聋的客观方法。方法 运用瞬态诱发性耳声发射技术(TEOAE),对60个案例分3组,即伪聋组、正常对照组及感音神经性聋组进行瞬态诱发性耳声发射测试。结果 (1)正常对照组的检出率为96.67％,感音神经性聋组的检出率为20.00％,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)伪聋组的检出率为100％,与正常对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 TEOAE检查,可发现感音神经性聋患者的听功能障碍。TEOAE技术对伪聋有识别作用,并当听力下降>40 dBHL时,检出率为零。     

老年人犯罪与精神障碍的相关因素分析—附39例司法精神医学鉴定资料

目的　探讨老年人犯罪与精神障碍的相关因素 ;　方法　对北京市安康医院十年间司法鉴定中有关老年人犯罪的 39件案例进行总结分析 ;　结果　老年人犯罪年龄集中在 6 0～ 6 9岁之间 ,男性多于女性 ,以文化程度和社会层次偏低的人群为主 ,诸多复杂的社会心理因素对老年人犯罪起着重要的影响。在本组杀人案件中 ,尤为突出的是受嫉妒妄想支配的犯罪动机。鉴定诊断与国外报道不符 ;　　结论　加强对老年人的监护更为重要     

司法精神病鉴定的人工智能技术应用

司法精神病鉴定实践中的主要问题表现为鉴定意见的信度不足。这一方面源于涉及精神医学、心理学、法学在内的司法精神病学本身属于交叉学科，学科间话语系统融合存在困难；另一方面，司法精神病鉴定的对象本身存在一因多果、多因一果、多因多果方面的复杂性。随着人工智能技术在执法、司法领域的普及应用，以及算法、算力、数据的不断成熟，遵循新型技术嵌入精神病学、心理学而产生新型理论的“一级嵌入”与新型理论嵌入司法精神病鉴定实践“二级嵌入”的“双嵌入”路径，采用“分块开发”“系统整合”“流程整合”三大操作程序，并借鉴人工智能技术中的自然语言处理技术、心理计算技术和智能辅助决策技术资源，能够直接回应并一定程度解决司法精神病鉴定实践中信度不足的问题。这为人工智能辅助鉴定系统的研发，赋能司法精神病鉴定实践提供了可能。     

司一认定理论的广义与狭义探析

同一认定理论自传入我国至今，在理论的探讨与实践的操作中得到了丰富和发展，但学界对于同一认定理论的理论归属争议不断。将同一认定分为广义与狭义是二分法在同一认定理论区分机制中的体现，能够合理避开导致观点争端的矛盾机制。“大同一认定”理论与“小同一认定”理论的矛盾本质上是将同一认定视为一般认识活动还是科学特定认识活动的矛盾。广义同一认定在一定程度上包含了狭义同一认定，只是它不仅承受了同一认定作为一般认识活动的合理性，也承受了狭义同一认定活动对于科学性、系统性的要求。狭义同一认定则在广义同一认定理论研究之下不断汲取营养，在良好继承同一认定的科学、特定认识方法的同时，也能够为广义同一认定的发展提供新的思路。     

论我国刑事司法鉴定权配置的困境与突破

我国刑事司法鉴定权由公检法机关主导,当事人仅有申请补充鉴定和重新鉴定的权利。这种鉴定权配置方式导致刑事司法公正性不足、效率低下以及权威性缺失的困境。与我国刑事诉讼模式的转型格格不入。借鉴域外经验,我国刑事司法鉴定权配置应以公正高效权威为目标,赋予辩方司法鉴定启动权、保留侦控机关自行启动鉴定权、限制法官的鉴定启动权以及建立鉴定处分的司法审查制度,逐步形成与我国刑事诉讼模式相契合的刑事司法鉴定权配置方式。     

Emotional Experiences and Motivating Factors Associated with Fingerprint Analysis

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the emotional and motivational factors involved in fingerprint analysis in day‐to‐day routine case work and in significant and harrowing criminal investigations. Thematic analysis was performed on interviews with 13 experienced fingerprint examiners from a variety of law enforcement agencies. The data revealed factors relating to job satisfaction and the use of skill. Individual satisfaction related to catching criminals was observed; this was most notable in solving high profile, serious, or long‐running cases. There were positive emotional effects associated with matching fingerprints and apparent fear of making errors. Finally, we found evidence for a need of cognitive closure in fingerprint examiner decision‐making.     

The Pharmacokinetics of Morphine and Codeine in Human Plasma and Urine after Oral Administration of Qiangli Pipa Syrup

Papaveris pericarpium, a natural source of morphine and codeine, is the principal active component in many antitussive traditional Chinese medicines. We herein report the first PK study of papaveris pericarpium in human plasma and urine following oral administration of single (15, 30, 60 mL) and multiple dose (15 mL) of Qiangli Pipa Syrup (MOR 0.1 mg/mL, COD 0.028 mg/mL) by monitoring morphine and codeine using a HPLC‐MS/MS method. Their T_max and t_1/2 values are independent of dosages, while the AUC_0?t linearly increased with higher dosages, indicating linear PK characteristics. AUC_0?t increased obviously after multiple doses, indicating possible risk of accumulative toxicity. Urine studies suggested risks of positive opiate drug tests with a cutoff of 300 ng/mL, which lasted 6–14 h at different doses. These results provide important information for clinical safety, efficacy and rational drug use of Qiangli Pipa Syrup and also guide the related judicial expertise of its administration.