外商隐名投资纠纷的司法困局——以一起行政诉讼为切入点

《关于审理外商投资企业纠纷案件若干问题的规定(一)》针对外商隐名投资纠纷的处理确立了新的制度,明确在获得审批机关同意等条件下司法机关可以作出确权判决,其实质是将外资审批机关的外商准入审查引入民事诉讼程序,实现行政权与司法权在这类案件中的相互配合。然而司法实践却暴露了诉讼过程中当事人对审批机关的异议机制缺失的新问题。司法机关审理外商隐名投资纠纷的困局,根本上是由我国实行外商准入审批制造成的,审批制向备案制的转变将从根本上解决此类案件的司法困局。     

《能源宪章条约》下特许权征收的认定标准研究

国际能源投资中的征收风险是最大的风险之一,特许权在能源投资中所处地位异常重要。对比其他条约下能源特许权征收实践可以发现,《能源宪章条约》征收规则在合法性的判断上与其他条约大体相同,都采用了公共利益目的、非歧视性措施、正当法律程序、补偿措施作为认定标准。但《能源宪章条约》对直接征收与间接征收的区分是模糊的,对特许权撤销行为的认定标准是缺失的。我国作为《能源宪章条约》的观察国,应该签署加入条约并参与修订,以便更好地保护我国国际能源双向投资中的权益。     

全球治理视野下国际投资法治的困境与变革

国际投资是全球经济增长的重要引擎。国际投资法治建设亟待加强,以促进国际投资自由化便利化、构建公正合理的国际投资秩序、推动全人类的共同繁荣和可持续发展。当前,国际投资法治建设以双边和区域安排为主导,缺乏多边统筹,不成体系,导致投资法治的功能缺失,滞约了国际投资发展。与此同时,国际投资格局发生深刻变化,投资条约内容的趋同和共商共建共享的全球治理理念的创新为国际投资法治建设提供了良好契机。为此,我们应创新国际投资法治变革的路径,以多边投资实体规则为国际投资法治建设的主要内容,推动国际投资法治的变革。     

ECFA框架下海峡两岸投资协议的法律思考

两岸正在磋商谈判投资协议,但由于两岸关系的特殊性,该投资协议存在一些不同于一般国际投资协议的问题,如协议的名称、目标、内容、争端解决以及协议与两岸法律的配套等,需要双方和两岸学者拿出智慧和勇气来解决。     

对我国农业补贴的程序控制

一般意义上的农业补贴是指对农业的财政补贴,即国家为了实现特定的农业产业政策目的而将财政收入依法定的标准和方式转移给特定的农业生产经营者的国家行为,目前学者对农业补贴侧重于引进国外理论经验和对农业补贴的实体法方面进行研究,对农业补贴的程序研究不够深入和全面。从农业补贴的立法程序、行政程序和行政救济三个方面进行阐述,以进一步完善我国的农业补贴的相关法律规定。     

Tax incentives for innovation: time to restructure the R&;E tax credit

The R&E tax credit has never been effective and subsequent attempts to restructure it have not addressed the major deficiencies. Moreover, in the 25 years since the R&E tax credit was enacted, a steadily increasing number of countries have implemented or expanded competing tax incentives, which in many cases are better structured and larger in size. As a result, the relative impact of the US credit is now negative in terms of incentives to conduct R&D within the domestic economy. The inadequacy of the credit stems largely from its small size and its incremental format. The impact of an R&D tax incentive is affected by its scope of coverage, the ability of industry to take advantage of it over the entire R&D cycle, the magnitude of the incentive relative to other nations’ tax policies, and its ease of implementation. In the end, a tax incentive must sufficiently lower the user’s cost of R&D to overcome barriers to allocation of private-sector resources commensurate with the potential rates of return on such investments. As a policy instrument, a tax incentive for R&D should be most effective if its form is a flat rate applied to all R&D.

Governing under advanced liberalism: sport policy and the social investment state

Since the election in 1997 of a New Labour Government in the United Kingdom, a growing number of analyses have provided insights into, and critiques of, what has been termed the “social investment state”. To date, these analyses have interrogated particular developments and distinct issues in a number of key social welfare policy-related sectors, including education, citizenship, the family, and poverty/employment. Notable by its absence, however, is the contribution that policies for sport and physical activity are now playing in the realisation of New Labour’s social investment strategies. This article therefore interrogates and registers the growing salience of sport policy interventions for the construction of a social investment state within the broader political context of governing under “advanced liberal” rationalities. The “active citizen”, and children and young people, in particular, are valorised and appear centre-stage as the focus for these interventions. This child-centred focus is problematised, as is the argument that, under prevailing political rationalities of advanced liberalism, government “steers” rather than “rows” and “enables” rather than “commands”. Under these conditions, while children are deemed deserving of investment, there may be other groups who are deemed less deserving, for example, older people who, unlike children and young people have little currency in a future-oriented world.

利益和谐视域下的农产品贸易与环境问题研究

贸易与环境问题已经发展为人类面临的最为紧迫的议题。农产品贸易与环境有着最为密切的联系。而农产品贸易与环境的矛盾在国际社会领域主要表现为发达国家与广大发展中国家之间的冲突和矛盾。为寻求农产品贸易与环境问题的有效解决,我们必须以利益和谐为理论基点,从理念上关注贸易利益和环境利益的和谐、发达国家利益和发展中国家利益的和谐,并从内发与外围整合的双重径路采取有力措施,方能彻底地化解农产品贸易与环境问题,促进整个国际社会的和谐发展。     

‘New friends,easier partners and bigger brothers’: The influence of the emerging powers on agriculture and food security in Malawi

Emerging powers are credited with influencing development cooperation, but field-based studies incorporating the viewpoints of recipient developing country actors are scarce. This article analyses the presence and the material, ideational and institutional influence of assistance in agriculture and food security in Malawi by the governments of Brazil, India, China and South Africa. The findings suggest first that, despite a similar and powerful discourse linking these four states, in practice the emerging powers' approaches diverge to a large extent. Second, the material influence of these emerging powers is relatively limited and consequently so is their influence on Malawi's decision-making process with regard to development. Finally, perceptions about the emerging powers' potential contribution to addressing development challenges differ greatly between the Malawian government and the traditional donor community. This difference arises from limited coordination and cooperation on the one hand and the importance of ideational influence on the other.     

The labor of agrodiversity in a Moroccan oasis

This paper examines the recent history of peasant farming in a Moroccan oasis to reflect on the relationship between agrodiversity, labor and tradition in contemporary smallholder systems. Many agrarian scholars and food sovereignty activists emphasize the role of peasant farmers in protecting agricultural biodiversity. This paper argues that certain kinds of agrodiversity may in fact be ‘new', a product of recent agrarian transformations that adapt and in some cases reject agricultural traditions. Ethnographic research in pre-Saharan Morocco found that some households used migration remittances to experiment with new crops and produce for the market for the first time. In recognizing the ambivalent relationship peasant farmers may have towards tradition, this paper contends that it is important to locate a political economy of agrodiversity in the larger context of the contemporary agrarian question and to relate agrodiversity to the changing labor regimes that enable peasant farming systems.