单位犯罪之恒定与代罚制之检讨

97《刑法》明确规定了单位犯罪,但是对于单位犯罪的理论争议并未消解于立法的＂一锤定音＂。单位犯罪的立法化使社会存在转化为法律存在,其乃社会发展之必然结果。单位犯罪之肯定首先在于民法上肯定单位的权利能力与行为能力以及法律对这种实在的拟制。但是,单位犯罪单罚制中代罚制所带来的不当后果,乃我们无法回避的现实与理论问题。对此,应当进行深入检讨。     

Terror in the Texts: Technology – Law – Future

This paper is concerned withlaw's failure and need to manifest theessentiality of technology for the West. Thiswill be shown through a critical reading of therelated fictional and juridical projects ofAmerican golden age science fiction and spacelaw. This analysis involves sensitivity to theterrors that bind together technology, law andthe future. It is argued that cornucopia, thevictory of modernism through technology, ispresented in science fiction and space law asterrorised by its other – dystopia. Thisterrorising means that cornucopia activelyresists dystopia. However, this resistiveenterprise is flawed – cornucopia never escapesdystopia. Alternative images of humanity andtechnology are needed to escape these flawedimaginings of the West. The paper concludesthat the cyborg offers the potential for aregenerative thinking about technology and law.     

“推定”和“视为”之语词解读?——以我国现行民事法律规范为样本

立法层面观察,"推定"和"视为"语词频繁适用于我国法律规范中。学界和实务界普遍认为两语词表达的分别是法律推定和法律拟制制度。然而,以我国现行民事法律规范为样本进行分析,却发现"推定"和"视为"语词并非与法律推定和法律拟制相对应:"推定"大多表达法律推定,但也表达法律拟制和注意规定;"视为"大多表达法律拟制,但也表达推定制度和注意规定。立法层面法律推定、法律拟制和注意规定语词适用的混乱状态必将导致司法层面对于"推定"和"视为"语词的解读困境。因此,应当在厘清法律推定、法律拟制和注意规定本质的基础上,用统一、明确的语词进行相应的制度表达。     

论盗窃网络游戏虚拟财产行为定性的法律根据

我国司法实务对盗窃网络游戏虚拟财产的行为存在较大的分歧。其中的盗窃罪定性较为切合实际,但说理并不充分。网络游戏虚拟财产在本质上是一种债权凭证．我国法律将作为债权凭证的纸币拟制为物的先例说明完全可以将虚拟财产归入《民法通则》、《刑法》、《继承法》所规定的“其他财产”以及《物权法》所规定的“其他动产”之列。据此,盗窃网络游戏虚拟财产构成犯罪的,同时触犯盗窃罪与非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪两个罪名。属于想象竟舍,可择一重罪处断。     

Mary Wollstonecraft’s divergent attitudes towards trust

ABSTRACT

Mary Wollstonecraft is increasingly being recognized as a philosopher who made a noteworthy contribution to moral and political philosophy. Her work not only encompassed political treatises, such as the now well-known A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, but also fiction. This article demonstrates how Wollstonecraft’s work comprised three main ways of engaging with trust, namely distrust, virtuous trust, and open trust. It puts these three forms of trust into context with Wollstonecraft’s ambivalent relation to the 18^th-century culture of sensibility. Moreover, Wollstonecraft’s open form of trust is compared with the 20^th-century Danish theologian and philosopher K. E. Løgstrup’s conception of trust. Løgstrup regarded genuine trust as a spontaneous, basic phenomenon that was not rooted in moral reasoning. While there are some similarities between Wollstonecraft’s open trust and Løgstrup’s understanding of trust, Wollstonecraft ultimately reinforced the value of ‘an educated heart’, namely the idea that the feelings of the heart should be cultivated by reason. Accordingly, this article offers some insight into how we may perceive Wollstonecraft’s strong rejection of Edmund Burke’s ‘inbred sentiments’, that is, Burke’s belief in innate, benign moral instincts.     

The aesthetics of minor intimacy: precarious attachments and queer feelings in the autobiographical fiction of J. M. Coetzee

This essay offers a new perspective on the queerness of the encounters between self and other in Coetzee’s autobiographical fiction. It attends to the dynamics of openness and reservation, immediacy and mediation, desire and longing played out between Anya and Señor C in Diary of a Bad Year (2007) and John and his female cousin, who is represented by the characters Agnes in Boyhood: A Memoir (1997), Ilse in Youth (2002), and Margot in Summertime (2009). Building on Lauren Berlant’s notion of minor intimacy—which asks us to pay attention to encounters without a canon and to desires too elusive for heterosexual conventions— it offers a framework for uncovering modes of attachment in Coetzee’s autobiographical fiction that do not obey the strictures of the couple form. I draw on queer studies on intimacy and phenomenological studies on emotions and embodiment to explore the modes of attachment between self and other.     

盗窃罪中的法律拟制问题研究——以《刑法修正案（八）》第39条的规定为视角

我国刑法中存在不少法律拟制规定,其出现的根本缘由在于立法者通过影响刑法规范来贯彻某种能够满足社会特定需要的政策和意图。将特殊盗窃归为盗窃罪的牵强与异常,以及立法者基于某种社会特定需要将严厉惩治和打击盗窃行为的政策和意图注入刑法使得特殊盗窃犯罪化等,正是《刑法修正案（八）》第39条对特殊盗窃行为的定性中存在法律拟制的根据所在。然而,法律拟制天生存在着不合理性与不公正性,如忽视了刑法的人权保障机能、有悖于实质正义与主客观相一致的原则等,因此,必须在罪刑法定原则的界域内对修正案规定的特殊盗窃进行严格的解释或限定。     

刑法视野下的法律拟制新探——价值协调与机制缺失

法律拟制大致经历了从诉讼拟制到实体拟制、从司法拟制到立法拟制、从技术拟制到规范拟制的发展进程,它是工具价值与规范价值相融合的产物,从本质上讲,它是一种有意识的＂立法类推＂。刑法拟制本身并没有是否违反罪刑法定原则的问题,只有法律拟制的工具价值是否受到规范价值的制约并与之协调的问题,对于我国刑法中拟制条款的质疑与检讨就是看其设置是否符合刑法的目的。法律拟制除了规范价值的内在制约外,还需要合宪性审查机制的外在制约。     

梅因法律拟制概念及法律发展观

在《古代法》一书中,梅因将法律拟制看做是协调法律与社会发展的媒介,其背后隐含着深刻的法律发展命题。拟制作为法律公约社会复杂性的一种方法,其目的在于解决法律发展过程中"变"与"不变"、"多"与"一"所构筑的时空困境。时间维度宣告了法律发展的必然性和拟制的目的正当性,空间维度则暗含了法律发展的限度和拟制的形式正当性。在一个建设的时代,随着社会复杂性的不断增加,法律的发展应当遵循渐进与开放的拟制逻辑。     

美国少年历史小说题材创作

历史小说是美国少年小说的一个重要类型。自20世纪30年代以后,反映少年生活的历史小说在美国不断问世,并于60、70年代进入繁荣阶段。本文旨在通过梳理美国少年历史小说的发展脉络,探讨其潮流及特点,如发展阶段、文化内涵、审美价值观等,说明其文学成就与影响,同时加深我国对美国少年历史小说的了解和研究。