Sustaining democracy: folk epistemology and social conflict

When political philosophers ask whether there is a philosophical justification for democracy, they are most frequently concerned with one of two queries. The first has to do with the relative merits of democracy as compared with other regimes. The second query has to do with the moral bindingness of democratic outcomes. But there is a third query we may be engaging when we are looking for a philosophical justification of democracy: what reason can be given to democratic citizens to pursue democratic means of social change when they are confronted with a democratic result that seems to them seriously objectionable or morally intolerable? In this paper I develop an epistemological response to the third query. The thesis is that we have sufficient epistemological reasons to be democrats. The epistemological norms that we take ourselves to be governed by can be satisfied only under certain social conditions, and these social conditions are best secured under democracy.     

试论《诗经》时代乐器的重要角色

《诗经》时代是以礼乐文化为主体的时代。“乐器”是礼乐文化的重要硬件设施,与诗、歌、舞并存,在当时贵族社会生活中有着重要的地位。日常生活中,乐器运用既有一、二种乐器的简单伴奏,又有小型乐队式的排演组合,还有乐器独奏曲。而在礼仪场合中,大型乐队则有着规定的摆设位置、组合形式和演奏程序,塑造浓厚的场景氛围。通过出土乐器实物的印证,更可看出当时乐器科技水准的进步和演奏技艺的高超。     

简论江南古民居的保护与开发——以湖州衣裳街周宅、王宅为例

近年来各级政府加大对江南古民居的保护与开发力度,湖州衣裳街的周宅、王宅得到应有的重视与保护,取得可喜成绩。但也应看到,在对古民居的保护与开发中还存在许多亟待解决的问题。必须制订完善规划,采取切实可行的相关措施,才能对江南古民居进行充分的保护与开发。     

A Collective Vision of Artistry: The MacDowell Colony and the Organizational Design of Creativity

This article is a scholarly overview and analysis of Hurricane Katrina's social and cultural devastation of the unique, indigenous culture of New Orleans. This study has been prepared as a scholarly and academic endeavor. However, it is also the basis for consideration of measures that could be taken to facilitate the reconstitution of the living environment of New Orleans in a way that is respectful of its folk culture. The physical devastation caused by the hurricane severely compromised the precious cultural communities of the French colonial Gulf Coast. The impact was most devastating to New Orleans because of its distinctive folk culture, which includes vivid cultural rituals such as the Mardi Gras Indians, jazz, the jazz funeral tradition, second line parades, and local cuisine. This culture is potentially fragile because it is a living culture—not based on collections preserved within the walls of a museum, but rather in the lives of its people. It is indisputably worthy of respect and revitalization. This project, realized through intensive research, will surely benefit the academic community and, most important, the people of New Orleans, to whom this document is dedicated. The project has been interesting, but it is an even greater honor to have the opportunity to advocate the necessity of reconstituting the folk culture of New Orleans through positive action to sustain the city's unique way of life. This will not be easy, but it is crucial for any "new New Orleans."     

The strange case of a national anthem without lyrics: music and political identities in Spain (1785–1913)*

Over the course of the long nineteenth century, between 1785 and 1913, Spain underwent processes of national construction similar to those experienced in other European countries. This phenomenon can be analysed through the crucial aspect of national symbols. Music played a leading role in these processes and engendered two opposing models, the product of internal political divisions. One, influenced by the style of the French Revolution, gave rise to a great many popular songs and was represented most of all by the Himno de Riego or “Riego Hymn,” the preferred anthem of the liberal and democratic left. The other, following a monarchist template inspired by the United Kingdom, was embodied in the Marcha Real or Royal March, a piece of ceremonial music without words that was promoted by conservative sectors opposed to popular political mobilization. The struggle between the two resulted in the adoption of the latter march as Spain’s official national anthem, although its association with the monarchy and the Catholic religion impeded the formation of a broad consensus around it. Contrary to the arguments maintained by many historians until a few years ago, the case of Spain cannot be considered as exceptional, although it did have certain peculiarities deriving from conflicts between different versions of Spanish nationalism and between the nationalism of the state and the sub-state nationalist movements that emerged towards the end of this period.     

从汉简论两汉河西民间文学兴盛的土壤

文章以汉简资料为中心,结合文献记载,主要从环境、种族、时代三方面考察了两汉河西民间文学生存的土壤。认为由于重要的地理位置和由此形成的繁荣的商业经济、复杂的居民成分、复杂的自然地理和气候条件及汉代特有的文化氛围,两汉河西具有丰厚的民间文学土壤。     

The emergence of learnables in music masterclasses

In music masterclasses instruction is delivered in response to successive learners' performances, with masters having no recourse to lesson plans or other prepared materials. As a result, topics emerge discursively and spontaneously through interaction. In this paper we describe four ways in which masters develop matters for improvement (learnables). Masters may present learnables as being based on master expertise; on masters' direct displayed experience of the student's performance; on the elicited direct experience of the student-performer; or on the elicited direct experience of the audience. By using a conversation analytic approach, we detail the emergence of learnables in five recorded instances.     

我国非政府组织发展的困境与对策——以法制为视角

改革开放以来,我国非政府组织得到了快速的发展,逐渐成为法学上的一个新兴概念,然而关于非政府组织调整的法律与管理机制还存在一定的滞后性,影响了非政府组织功能的发挥。从法治的视角对现行有关非政府组织调整的法律与管理体制进行分析,可以看出,相关制度的重构主要包括非政府组织的准入制度与管理制度、政府对非政府组织扶持措施以及加强非政府组织的自身建设等。     

论音乐课程的开发范式与理解范式

当今教育领域,理解课程理论已经成熟,它给以开发范式为基础的学校音乐学科课程带来了新的教育评估视野。课程领域所出现的理论转型,使我们开始一种以理解课程范式为基础的音乐课程理念的思考。音乐课程开发范式中音乐的界定具备科学技术概念的含义,如乐理学习对音高、音质、音色、音的力度、音程等的物理属性的界定,它将这种音乐体系看作是“文化无涉”的具有普遍性的“科学体系”。而作为理解课程范式的起点和理论框架,将音乐作为文化的界定表明,音乐理解课程已经显示出音乐是作为一种文化表征,因此,音乐课程被理解为历史文本、政治文本、种族文本、性别文本、现象学文本等以及后结构主义、解构主义和后现代文本。     

营造校园音乐文化氛围促进大学生综合素质提高

在抓好素质教育的众多方面,营造健康向上的校园音乐文化氛围,是提高在校学生综合素质的一种行之有效的方法.通过有目的、有计划地对大学生进行音乐素质的培养,可以进一步发掘和提高学生的审美能力,使外在的精神文化内化为个人自身的素质,以促进大学生形象思维开发,塑造完善人格、培养高尚情操,提高空间想象的能力,以及分析问题和解决问题...