Cao Yu’s Peking Man and Literary Evocations of the Family in Republican China

Abstract

Shanghai in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was home to communities and musicians from all parts of the world. Among the over 20,000 Russians living there, a significant population of musicians contributed to the musical life of the city, particularly the Conservatory of Music founded in November 1927. This article reveals an overlooked phase of musical exchange between China and the West by 1) tracing the context and early development of the Conservatory; 2) identifying and discussing the activities of the Russian pedagogues (including Boris Zakharov, Vladimir Shushlin, and Sergei Aksakov amongst others) and their more notable Chinese students’ (including Li Delun, Ding Shande, Wu Leyi, and Yi Kaiji amongst others) reaction to them; 3) assessing the role that Russians played in the affairs of the Conservatory; and 4) demonstrating how Russian pedagogues influenced the development of Western classical music in China through their students’ notable achievements.     

Dancing to the beat of the diaspora: musical exchanges between Africa and its diasporas

Abstract

This essay examines the complex ebbs and flows of musical exchanges between Africa and its diasporas. Specifically, it focuses on musical engagements between, on the one hand, the Caribbean and West Africa and, on the other, the United States and Southern Africa. It argues that the influence of diasporan music on modern African music, especially popular music, has been immense. These influences and exchanges have created a complex tapestry of musical Afro-internationalism and Afro-modernism and music has been a critical site, a soundscape, in the construction of new diasporan and African identities. A diasporic perspective in the study of modern African music helps Africa reclaim its rightful place in the history of world music and saves Africans from unnecessary cultural anxieties about losing their musical ‘authenticity’ by borrowing from ‘Western’ music that appears, on closer inspection, to be diasporan African music.     

民间法司法适用的作用与价值

民间法是在一定区域内,由习惯风俗长久演变而来的逐步制度化的规则,具有地域性、非正式性和内生权威性等特点。虽然民间法与正式的国家法有所不同,但它在维护乡土社会的稳定和解决婚姻家庭矛盾方面具有重要的意义。因此,国家应当重视并有效地利用在社会中起实际调整作用的民间法。在我国社会转型时期,分析民间法与国家法的关系,解决民间法与国家法的冲突,探索民间法司法适用的合理性,对我国法律继承和法律的完善起着重要的作用。     

优秀传统民俗文化与推进农村社会治理能力现代化——以江西优秀传统民俗文化为例

当前我国农村社会治理出现了一些新情况、新问题,党中央已经做出了推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要决策。优秀传统文化是中华民族共有的精神家园,作为中华优秀传统文化重要组成部分的优秀传统民俗文化,根植于绵延数千年的中华民族精神之中,最贴近百姓生活,最具生命活力。在新的形势下推进农村治理能力现代化,必须弘扬优秀传统民俗文化,努力探索我国现代农村社会治理的新途径。     

法律、民生与民间规则——兼论两岸交流制度中民间规则的作用

法律是社会交往和社会需要的产物,因之,法律也是主体交往中日常生活的公共产品。它不仅作用于人们日常的物质生活,而且也作用于人们的精神生活。更重要的是,法律作为正式制度,还缔造着人们的制度生活。但法律的规定并不是完全自足的,一方面,需要关注作为非正式制度的民间规则的作用,另一方面,当法律规定有所遗漏,或者法律规定对公民的日常生活不能调整、规范时,民间规则对救济法律的不足,就可能会派上用场。甚至即使法律对相关社会关系有所规定,在实践中也免不了法律和民间规范相互交叠地发挥作用。基于这种认识,在两岸有关民生的交流中,应当把民间规则纳入保障两岸民生、促进两岸往来的重要社会因素中。     

民俗习惯的司法功能

站在司法中心主义的立场认识民俗习惯的法源地位,民俗习惯是作为法官法源存在,但是,如何判断民俗习惯的法律属性存在着理论困惑。对此,我们应该对民俗习惯的司法功能在法律和事实两个层面上进行分别分析,在法律层面上,民俗习惯作为“法官法”存在,需要法官从司法判决中对民俗习惯进行法律发现;在事实层面上,民俗习惯作为经验法则或者事实证据存在,法官可以将其作为经验法则进行认定,在民俗习惯合理性存有争议时,可以通过当事人的举证责任分配予以解决。可见,民俗习惯司法适用的问题是一个诉讼法或者证据法的问题,而不是一个法律方法论的问题。     

类比推理与民间规范：类比推理生活原型的分析

日常社会生活中存在和为我们所运用的类比方法是法律的类比推理的原型。司法过程中适用的类比推理与日常生活中运用的各种类比方法相较而言,是正式的、严格的和程序化的,但人们在复杂的社会情态中长期扮演不同角色所养成的行为模式扣思维方式,还是会在司法场域中以不同的形式展现出来。国家法的强力和优位,会使法律的类比观强势于当事人和社会的类比观而获得形式上的拘束力,但如果无视当事人基于各种民间规范的类比观而提出的实质的正义要求,就会造成两造均不服判,判决的法律效果和社会效果被割裂开来,以定分止争为己任的法律却成了制造纠纷的新源泉。     

从汪公等民间信仰看屯堡人的主体来源

本文结合部分历史资料和屯堡人的口碑传说 ,分析了屯堡人当中的一些民间信仰 ,认为这些信仰反映了屯堡人的主体来源是明代的江南一带 ,并同时分析了汪公信仰的演变过程。     

Modern beliefs regarding medicinal plants in Estonia

The popularity of using herbal cures in twenty-first century Estonia has several reasons. Estonians are familiar with nature, and many collect berries, mushrooms, and potherbs. Herb collecting in general is a part of the local heritage. There are private enterprises in Estonia dealing with the cultivation and sale of herbs. Herbs can be bought from grocery stores, markets, and pharmacies. Even medical doctors can recommend herbal treatments for mild illnesses.

This article reviews which herbal beliefs are held among modern Estonians and how this fits with global trends characterized by a growing strive toward the natural lifestyle also evident in health behavior and an attitude toward pharmaceutical companies as businesses who prioritize income above welfare. We will analyze how herbal beliefs reflect people’s religious views, educational background, sex and age. The empirical base of the study consists of the responses of 1,205 randomly selected subjects, of whom 650 were interviewed face to face in six different areas of Estonia and 555 replied to a survey online. The core of the questionnaire consisted of opinions on ten general herbal beliefs. In addition, respondents were asked their opinions on natural and synthetic medicines and reasons for herbal healing effects.     

恢复性司法视角下的赔命价——以民间法为研究立场

历史上,赔命价曾经盛极一时却始终难以跳脱民间法的宿命;现实中,赔命价遭遇国家法的放逐甚至打压却生生不息。赔命价将向何处去？当下,关于介绍和引入恢复性司法的理论研究在我国正如火如荼地进行。恢复性司法,这种与赔命价在理念上和机制上都存在诸多暗合之处的司法模式,能否为我们解开赔命价命运的＂戈尔迪＂之结提供思路上的启发,为赔命价摆脱其尴尬现状提供契机？