Implicit and Explicit Stereotyping of Adolescents

Although adolescents are commonly assumed to be rebellious, risky and moody, two experiments demonstrate for the first time that these beliefs operate both explicitly and implicitly as stereotypes. In Experiment 1, participants (a) explicitly endorsed adolescent stereotypes and (b) implicitly associated adolescent stereotyped words more rapidly with the adolescent than the adult social category. Individual differences in the explicit endorsement of adolescent stereotypes predicted explicit perceptions of the rebelliousness of a 17-year-old but not a 71-year-old, although individual differences in implicit stereotyping did not. Identification with adults was associated with greater implicit stereotyping but not explicit stereotyping. In Experiment 2, subliminal exposure to adolescent stereotyped words increased subsequent perceptions of the rebelliousness of a 17-year-old but not a 71-year-old. Although individual differences in implicit adolescent stereotyping did not predict explicit evaluations of adolescents, stereotypes of adolescents nevertheless influenced explicit evaluations unconsciously and unintentionally.

Bargaining for justice: A means to resolve competing justice claims

In many types of social situations, individuals defend their claims to a portion of the rewards by arguing that they are just. Although a great deal of research demonstrates that individuals differ in their distribution preferences and thus their beliefs about what is fair, the literature curiously omits consideration of the consequences of these differences, especially the conflict they may engender. This paper first reviews the few attempts to address such justice conflict. The limitations of these approaches suggest concerns to be addressed in an alternative framework. The paper presents a theoretical discussion of this alternative that integrates assumptions about distribution preferences, justice beliefs, conditions fostering the emergence of justice conflict, and elements of negotiation processes as a basic framework for predictions about the bargaining strategies individuals may employ to resolve competing justice claims.     

论连结点的孤立与矫正

连结点的孤立表现为冲突规范的指引在空间和时间两个维度与案件整体缺乏联系,这是双边法律选择方法难以避免的现象。随着法律选择价值目标的演变,应允许法官在特殊案件中摆脱孤立连结点的指引,裁量适用与案件具有更加密切联系的法律。对连结点的矫正应坚持规则导向,为双边法律选择注入有限的灵活性。     

涉台民商事案件法律适用的现状与展望

通过对涉台民商事案件的实证分析,可以发现,参照或者直接适用国际私法规范解决涉台民商事法律适用问题是各地法院的普遍做法。当前,不同法院对涉台民商事案件属性识别存在分歧的原因是审判人员对涉台政策的认知不同,而适用国家法律解决涉台民商事案件所占比例过高的成因则在于当事人衡量两岸关系的特殊现状,理性地回避了选择适用台湾地区"法律"。对祖国大陆而言,为了摆脱当前涉台民商事法律适用面临的困境,应当从观念培育、理论构建、政策检讨和规范整合四个方面着手,解决国家统一前认可合法性未获承认的台湾当局民商事法律效力的正当性问题。     

识别制度研究在解决区际法律冲突中的价值

识别是在适用冲突规范时,依据一定的法律观念,对有关的事实构成作出"定性"或"分类",将其归入一定的法律范畴,并对有关的冲突规范进行解释,从而确定应援用哪一种规范的认识过程。识别在判定涉外民事关系的法律性质、确定涉外民事关系应适用的法律规范的过程中被广泛采用,是解决涉外民事纠纷的必要程序。我国是一个一国两制三法系四法域的国家,内地与香港、澳门、台湾之间存在着各种各样的法律冲突问题,即区际法律冲突,而科学的识别制度和完善的识别理论是解决区际法律冲突的前提和基础。因此,在存在法律冲突的区际法律关系中,科学的识别制度同样是非常重要的。     

论刑事诉讼职能管辖冲突

职能管辖冲突主要包括单一冲突与复合冲突.单一冲突,是指立案管辖交叉冲突,本来应由某机关立案管辖的案件却由另一机关侦查终结并移送起诉,包括公安机关与检察机关之间的管辖冲突、人民法院与公安机关之间的管辖冲突.复合冲突,是指两个或两个以上的公安司法机关对一人所犯数罪具有交叉管辖权.另外,管辖冲突还会带来附随问题,如羁押期限的计算和强制措施的变更.     

试论我国区际继承法律冲突及其解决途径

由于“一国两制”方针的推行和一些特殊历史原因的影响,我国已经成为“一个国家,两种制度,三大法系,四个法域”的复合法域国家,区际法律冲突不可避免。在大量出现的区际民事法律关系中,继承关系占据了一定比例。由于我国四法域的继承法律制度差异很大,且区际继承关系较其它的民事关系复杂,所以,区际继承法律冲突及其解决途径问题则更加复杂。本文在比较四法域继承法律制度异同的基础上,详细评析了区际继承法律冲突各种解决途径的优劣利弊,认为通过准用(或类推适用)国际私法解决区际继承法律冲突是目前最现实、最可行、最稳妥地选择。     

网络作品与传统著作权法的悖论——论知识产权保护方法的创新

网络作品和数据信息的繁荣发展对世界各国现行的知识产权制度提出了挑战。因为网络作品和数据信息的表现形式、传输特点、技术含量和经济价值的特殊性,使得其权利更容易被人侵犯,而在保护措施上具有更大的难度。本文笔者结合国内外的理论与实践对网络作品和数据信息的法律保护问题提出了一些看法,对著作权法保护、反不正当竞争法保护和特别法保护作了较为深入的分析,旨在为理论界的研讨和司法界的实务起抛砖引玉作用。     

论矛盾转化中量变积累的形式与条件

矛盾转化是唯物辩证法的重要范畴。转化是质变,但有其量变积累,没有“渐进过程”,就不会有“中断”。探讨转化的量变积累的各种表现形式和条件,对于深化理解矛盾转化范畴的内涵具有重要意义。     

Testing a Model of Resistance to Peer Pressure Among Mexican-Origin Adolescents

This study examined the factors associated with resistance to peer pressure toward antisocial behaviors among a sample of Mexican-origin adolescents (n=564) living in a large Southwestern city in the U.S. A model examining the influence of generational status, emotional autonomy from parents, and self-esteem on resistance to peer pressure was tested independently for boys and girls. Gender differences emerged in the factors that influenced resistance to peer pressure. Results indicated that resistance to peer pressure was influenced by generational status and emotional autonomy from parents for both boys and girls. However, self-esteem was found to influence resistance to peer pressure only for boys.Mayra Y. Bámaca is a graduate student in Family and Human Development at Arizona State University. Her research interests include adolescent development among ethnically diverse populations, the influence of contextual factors in development, parenting adolescents, and resiliency among Latino adolescents and their families. This work was based on the master’s thesis of the first author.Adriana J. Uma?a-Taylor received her Ph.D. from the University of Missouri-Columbia and is currently an Assistant Professor of Family and Human Development at Arizona State University. Her research interests include ethnic identity formation during adolescence and resilience among Latino adolescents and their families.This study was supported, in part, by a grant to the second author from the Fahs Beck Fund for Research and Experimentation of the New York Community Trust.