Coping with Interparental Verbal Conflict by Children Exposed to Spouse Abuse and Children from Nonviolent Homes

Children are distressed by parental conflict, but the influence of the conflict topic has rarely been studied, especially in relation to children's history of witnessing domestic conflict. Responses to three conflict topics (money, child-related, political candidate) were examined in two groups of 5 1/2-through 12-year-olds: 40 children who have witnessed spouse abuse and 72 children from nonviolent homes. Children listened to taped scenarios (with accompanying drawings) of two parents engaged in one friendly and three angry interactions. Children reported their feelings, intensity of feelings, and coping strategies. Children's emotional responses varied from sadness, to anger, to guilt depending on their age and the conflict topic. Primary control strategies for coping with family conflict (e.g., direct intervention) were favored for all. Boys from violent homes responded to certain simulated conflicts with more intense anger and sadness than other children. Results emphasized children's sensitivity to different conflict topics and advance understanding of relations between a history of witnessing spouse abuse and child outcomes.     

关于办理交通肇事涉刑案件的时限冲突问题

公安机关在办理交通肇事涉及刑事责任案件的过程当中，存在着公安机关对交通事故责任认定与检察机关批捕等时限相冲突的问题。对此，公安机关应不断完善自身的工作机制，提高办案水平和工作效率，注意严格依照法律规定，充分发挥各种手段综合运用的效能，以有效弥补在办理此类案件时存在的办案时限不足的问题。     

公诉的价值冲突与衡平论略

公诉的价值包括实体正义、程序正义和诉讼效益.这些价值是可以统一实现的.在公诉实践中,也应当坚持三种价值的统一.但三者之间不可避免地会发生矛盾和冲突,此时,应坚持价值衡平原则.     

THE SOCIAL ECOLOGY OF POLICE MISCONDUCT*

The present study examined whether variations in social ecological conditions in New York City police precincts and divisions have predicted patterns of police misconduct from 1975 to 1996. The study included misconduct cases involving bribery, extortion, excessive force, and other abuses of police authority, as well as certain administrative rule violations. Using a longitudinal framework, the analyses found that dimensions of structural disadvantage and population mobility— drawn from the social disorganization literature—as well as changes in Latino population—drawn from the racial conflict perspective— explained changes in police misconduct over time. Further, most of the variations occurred within, as opposed to between, precincts and divisions over time, strengthening the case for a longitudinal examination.     

国际银行破产法律冲突的若干问题研究

与一般企业甚至跨国公司的破产不同 ,国际银行破产具有很强的“公共敏感性” ,因此常常伴随更多的监管干预。同时 ,大型金融集团的出现和并表监管原则的实施使得国际银行破产法与传统破产法所主张的地域性原则有着明显的法律冲突。这既包括管辖权冲突、单一实体制度与独立实体制度间的冲突 ,也包括法律适用及破产程序与协助上的冲突。针对上述冲突 ,我们应遵循国际合作、考虑银行破产特殊性、灵活与务实等原则 ,从法律礼让、国内破产体制的完善、国际合作与协调等层面寻求解决冲突的途径和方法。     

冲突解决的理想性状和目标--对司法正义的一种理解

以冲突解决中的人类需要为依据 ,冲突解决的公正性、效率性、确定性和自治性构成了冲突解决的理想性状。冲突解决的理想性状的各要素之间不可避免地相互矛盾 ,这意味着当事人和社会都必须理性地为冲突解决设定现实目标。对冲突解决的理想性状的揭示 ,具有冲突解决的正当性的构建功能     

论社会转型时期的价值冲突

价值冲突是社会转型过程中的必然现象.社会转型过程中社会存在的变化、利益格局的调整、多元价值的存在、人的存在方式的改变等是引起价值冲突的主要原因.转型时期价值冲突的表现形式主要有价值主体之间的矛盾冲突,功利性价值和非功利性价值的矛盾冲突,目的性价值与手段性价值的矛盾冲突,社会主导价值和基础性价值的矛盾冲突以及解释性价值和操作性价值的矛盾冲突等.深刻地认识并合理地处理价值冲突对于社会转型和社会主义市场经济体制建立具有重要意义.     

Reframing Sacred Values

Sacred values differ from material or instrumental values in that they incorporate moral beliefs that drive action in ways dissociated from prospects for success. Across the world, people believe that devotion to essential or core values — such as the welfare of their family and country, or their commitment to religion, honor, and justice — are, or ought to be, absolute and inviolable.
Counterintuitively, understanding an opponent's sacred values, we believe, offers surprising opportunities for breakthroughs to peace. Because of the emotional unwillingness of those in conflict situations to negotiate sacred values, conventional wisdom suggests that negotiators should either leave sacred values for last in political negotiations or should try to bypass them with sufficient material incentives. Our empirical findings and historical analysis suggest that conventional wisdom is wrong. In fact, offering to provide material benefits in exchange for giving up a sacred value actually makes settlement more difficult because people see the offering as an insult rather than a compromise. But we also found that making symbolic concessions of no apparent material benefit might open the way to resolving seemingly irresolvable conflicts.
We offer suggestions for how negotiators can reframe their position by demonstrating respect and/or by apologizing for what they sincerely regret. We also offer suggestions for how to overcome barriers by refining sacred values to exclude outmoded claims, exploiting the inevitable ambiguity of sacred values, shifting the context, provisionally prioritizing values, and reframing responsibility.     

美国拒绝批准联合国《儿童权利公约》原因探析

多年来,美国一直拒绝批准联合国《儿童权利公约》(CRC),人们认为这反映了美国的虚伪和霸道,因而为世人所指责。事实上,导致美国这一行为的主要原因在于CRC与美国例外论的政治传统、联邦主义的法律体系和美国传统家庭理念存在冲突。同时,CRC内在的权利冲突问题,基督教右派在具体的政治运作中的坚决反对和有效动员,也是导致CRC未能适用于美国的重要原因。因此,美国拒绝批准CRC与其虚伪和霸道并无直接关系。     

评西蒙尼德斯《20世纪末的国际私法——进步还是退步？》——兼议李双元教授的评论

以西蒙尼德斯教授在第15次国际比较法大会上的总报告和李双元教授就这篇总报告而撰写的评论为对象,针对两文中所涉及的问题提出一些个人的见解和看法,主要包含以下五个方面的评论判断标准和讨论范围,多边方法、单边方法和实体方法之间的对立与共存,法律的确定性目标和灵活性目标之间的张力,管辖权选择规则和内容定向规则的对立与共存,国际一致性目标和保护国家利益之间的冲突.