对贯彻实施《公安机关人民警察训练条令》的思考

贯彻实施《公安机关人民警察训练条令》是加强公安队伍正规化建设的一项重要举措。各级公安机关应强化认识,逐步健全民警教育训练机制,迅速培育民警训练典型和示范,将培训重心转移到以警务实战技能与战术为核心的训练上来。     

行为能力欠缺者的公司发起人资格--基于法解释学的一般套路

传统理论主张行为能力欠缺者不能充任公司发起人,是一个普遍的误解。无论是从民法视野,还是从法解释、比较法、立法背景等角度分析,都不能简单地否定行为能力欠缺者的公司发起人资格。我国《公司法》应明确规定行为能力欠缺者可以自己名义设立公司,并应吸收德国法院判例经验对行为能力欠缺者设立公司的活动予以适当规制。在商法领域,应当树立“行为自治”的理念,由商事主体在市场竞争中对商业风险自主进行识别、判断,并自负其责,法律只需为这一判断过程构建辅助机制。     

中国死刑复核程序的检讨与改进

1980年以来,部分死刑案件核准权被下放使死刑复核程序名存实亡,立法上的疏漏和诉讼构造的缺失造成死刑复核程序难以起到最后的程序保障作用。试就完善立法、收回死刑核准权和改进死刑复核程序等三个方面的问题进行分析和探讨。     

俄罗斯现代化主导力:“普京主义”还是“梅德韦杰夫主义”?

俄罗斯即将迎来大选年,无论普京是否能成功当选新一届总统,其治国思想都会对俄罗斯的政治生活产生长期的影响,而梅德韦杰夫之后的俄罗斯政坛也必将发生深刻变化。由于权力合法性基础和理念目标的不同,"普京主义"和"梅德韦杰夫主义"在不同的历史阶段对俄罗斯的现代化建设都产生了积极影响,但同时也遗留了一些问题。在新的历史时期,俄罗斯必须找到一种兼顾民族国家传统政治文化特点和现代化转型及全球化挑战需要的治国方略,在历史和现实的张力中找到一个平衡点,"新普京主义"是本文对此提出的大胆预测。     

我国金融控股公司的治理缺陷及立法构想

我国金融控股公司治理存在着法律制度不完善、产权结构单一、所有权虚置、股东大会的代表性不够广泛、董事会结构不尽合理、监事会的监督制度难以发挥作用、缺乏有效的激励约束机制和信息披露制度、企业经营缺乏透明度等缺陷。为确保金融安全,必须在治理中加强立法完善,坚持效率、安全、公平的价值理念,从股东会、董事会和监事会及对中小股东权益的保护、信息披露制度要求等方面,对我国金融治理的立法问题,提出构建意见。     

Children's Lie-Telling to Conceal a Parent's Transgression: Legal Implications

Children's lie-telling behavior to conceal the transgression of a parent was examined in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1 (N = 137), parents broke a puppet and told their children (3-11-year-olds) not to tell anyone. Children answered questions about the event. Children's moral understanding of truth- and lie-telling was assessed by a second interviewer and the children then promised to tell the truth (simulating court competence examination procedures). Children were again questioned about what happened to the puppet. Regardless of whether the interview was conducted with their parent absent or present, most children told the truth about their parents' transgression. When the likelihood of the child being blamed for the transgression was reduced, significantly more children lied. There was a significant, yet limited, relation between children's lie-telling behavior and their moral understanding of lie- or truth-telling. Further, after children were questioned about issues concerning truth- and lie-telling and asked to promise to tell the truth, significantly more children told the truth about their parents' transgression. Experiment 2 (N = 64) replicated these findings, with children who were questioned about lies and who then promised to tell the 'truth more likely to tell the truth in a second interview than children who did not participate in this procedure before questioning. Implications for the justice system are discussed.     

市民社会与宪政之路

市民社会与国家的关系不仅有其道德基础 ,还有其知识论依据。近代中国的宪政之路之所以艰难 ,是因为缺乏成熟的市民社会。中国的历史文化传统和现实决定了中国的市民社会不可能走一条西方式的道路     

从“发展是硬道理”到“发展是党执政兴国的第一要务”——兼论党的第三代领导集体对邓小平发展理论的坚持、发展与创新

"发展是党执政兴国的第一要务"的思想是以江泽民同志为核心的党的第三代中央领导集体对邓小平发展理论的继承、发展与创新,这一思想为我们在新世纪全面建设小康社会指明了方向,对于进一步推进我国的社会主义现代化建设,开创建设中国特色社会主义事业的新局面,具有重大的理论和现实意义.     

Juveniles' Competence to Stand Trial: A Comparison of Adolescents' and Adults' Capacities as Trial Defendants

Abilities associated with adjudicative competence were assessed among 927 adolescents in juvenile detention facilities and community settings. Adolescents' abilities were compared to those of 466 young adults in jails and in the community. Participants at 4 locations across the United States completed a standardized measure of abilities relevant for competence to stand trial (the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool—Criminal Adjudication) as well as a new procedure for assessing psychosocial influences on legal decisions often required of defendants (MacArthur Judgment Evaluation). Youths aged 15 and younger performed more poorly than young adults, with a greater proportion manifesting a level of impairment consistent with that of persons found incompetent to stand trial. Adolescents also tended more often than young adults to make choices (e.g., about plea agreements) that reflected compliance with authority, as well as influences of psychosocial immaturity. Implications of these results for policy and practice are discussed, with an emphasis on the development of legal standards that recognize immaturity as a potential predicate of incompetence to stand trial.     

Predictor Variables in Competency to Stand Trial Decisions

Clinicians possess significant discretion in competency to stand trial assessment. Therefore, it is paramount to explore the contribution of individual variables to ensure that the decision-making process is devoid of bias and solely relates to the legal criterion. To test for the possibility of bias in clinical decision-making, we examined the predictive efficiency of clinical, criminological, and sociodemographic variables in a sample of 468 criminal defendants referred for competency evaluations. Only clinical diagnostic variables and employment status were significant predictors. This finding supports the idea that examiner decisions of competency appear to be unbiased and relate primarily to a defendant's functional ability.