女大学生就业过程中的性别歧视研究

主流话语虽然关注女大学生的被歧视状况,但女大学生自己发出声音的却很少。本文通过对女大学生群体进行访谈发现,性别歧视在女大学生的求职过程中是一种弥散的、无所不在的状态,而女大学生常常不会以积极的态度应对性别歧视、重建自我,而多以沉默接受歧视,其重建的自我是“第二性”的。改变这种状况,需要加强女大学生求职过程中的社会支持网络的建立,同时,细化法律条文,使法律具有可操作性,让歧视者为其行为付出代价。     

论女大学生的就业优势及实践途径

女大学生就业难是个不争的事实,但女大学生也有自己的就业优势:她们交际能力强,语言沟通能力强,具有善解人意、了解他人心理的特点。高校应在女性人才培养上,突出女性特色;在毕业生就业指导上,对女生进行分类指导;在就业市场开拓上,搭建女性就业平台,从而促进女大学生的充分就业。     

二次就业教育应对城市青年失业

调查发现,城市失业青年较大比例从批发、零售贸易和餐饮业等不太需要技术或技能且薪水较低的行业中失业,主要原因是没有一定的职业技术或职业技能。所以,加强对城市失业青年的二次教育,提高个人素养和能力,才是解决城市失业青年问题的有效途径。     

The wage share and government job creation in Sweden, 1900–2016

ABSTRACT

This investigation explores the long-run relationship between the wage share in the non-construction private sector and government efforts to create jobs in public services and construction of infrastructure and houses, in Sweden in 1900 to 2016. In the present article, it is argued that the creation of employment with generous wages by the Swedish government has increased the bargaining power of workers outside of these sectors, thus raising the wage share, up to about 1980. Correspondingly, retrenchment from such policy has been detrimental for the wage share in recent decades. This argument is supported by the results of cointegration tests, estimation of long-run and short-run, speed of adjustment, coefficients, as well as by Impulse-response functions. While government consumption is often found to be an important determinant for the wage share, earlier research has neglected the full labor market effect of government job creation associated with an expansion of the welfare state. Sweden is an ideal case for studying the impact of welfare policy on the wage share, since it has been one of the most extensive welfare states and simultaneously has been one of the most egalitarian countries in the world.     

零工经济中个体就业动机探析 ——以北京市外卖骑手为例

随着数字技术的发展和人们生活、用餐习惯的改变，数字经济中的餐饮行业获得了较快发展，为劳动者创造了大量的就业机会。本研究基于外卖平台骑手的数据探讨数字零工经济下个体的就业动机。研究发现：大多数外卖骑手表面上是为了追求工作灵活性、经济收益和扩大社交网络而主动选择零工就业，但实际上，他们并没有在平台真正实现这三方面的诉求。劳动力市场结构转变让他们为了谋求生存而被动“挤入”,而非主动选择进入零工就业中。因此，针对劳动密集型平台就业群体，需要深入分析其选择零工就业的真正原因，才能在对其帮扶的政策制定和执行中，实现“对症下药”和“精准帮扶”。     

关于大学生就业教育向创业教育转变的理性思考

大学生就业教育向创业教育转变已经成为高等教育的重要研究课题。就业教育向创业教育转变的前提是素质教育,转变的目标是实现多元化的创业价值,转变的途径是进行教育观念和模式的更新。同时,创业环境对创业教育的成效起着重要的制约作用。     

Finger in the Dyke or the Floodgates Stemmed? Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002

This article considers Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 in the context of post-War developments in labour relations culminating in the National Industrial Relations Court. It considers the development of Employment Tribunal which rather than being the last resort intended by the legislators, has become the first resort of complainants, often for trivial matters by employees; or by employers taking an extremely broad view of Gross Misconduct by employees. Due to the volume of cases and the shortage of Chairs, cases are constantly delayed and postponed. The article posits that these are the principle reason behind the framing of Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 which introduced a new Section 9(1)(a) into the Employment Tribunals Act 1995. This has given the Chair of an Employment Tribunal the authority to strike out a weak case at a Pre-Hearing Review that will strike the case out once and for all at this juncture. The aim is to encourage employers to have proper procedures and for employees to follow them. This article suggests that in fact the reforms will have the opposite effect; that they have introduced another layer of legal complexity which will further increase the number of cases brought before the Employment Tribunal.     

对当前我国就业问题的思考

就业是“民生之本”。我国就业问题是一个长期面临的基本问题 ,要始终给予高度重视。政府不仅要为扩大就业创造良好的外部环境 ,还要建立以市场调节为基础、以政府促进就业为动力的就业机制。     

改革发展中的劳动就业与工会的维权工作

就业是民生之本。改革以来,中国在劳动就业方面取得了突出的成就,初步形成了市场导向的就业机制。受人口增长的历史影响,中国当前和今后长时期将面临严峻的就业挑战。当前中国就业环境的变化特征是:劳动力供求矛盾突出,"强资本弱劳工"格局日趋明显;就业结构性矛盾严重,弱势劳工群体问题凸显;劳动力流动性增强,劳动关系的安全性下降;城镇失业率迅猛上升,社会保障亟待完善。劳动就业方面的这些变化特征要求今后工会工作应以中华全国总工会提出的"积极促进就业,稳定就业岗位,减少失业"为中心,在新的起点上,以新的思路、新的标准、新的要求实现新的突破,更好地维护职工的劳动权益。     

三角互动:欧盟就业、社保与教育发展的新趋势

根据最新资料,2000年与1998年相比,欧盟劳动就业状况和政策中最大的变化是教育发展-信息社会-高科技、高教育产业的重要意义明显提升.1999年欧盟社会保障政策关注人本理念,立足于采取积极措施促进主动就业,以提高个人生活质量和"被社会吸纳"的程度.上述双重变革使教育发展成为就业-社保-教育互动三角的主变项.人们逐渐认识到,在正在到来的知识社会中适度地拉动教育,可创造一种张力,以缓解就业和社保的压力,这也是实现劳动权和追求幸福生活权利的保证.