历史单位和社会有机体

历史单位问题是历史哲学研究的重要问题,它在很大程度上关涉到对历史哲学研究对象的理解。在历史哲学史上,诸多西方哲学家对这个问题进行过探讨,但都存在着这样那样的问题。传统的历史唯物主义教科书对这个问题的研究同样也存在诸多疏漏。今天,我们应当对马克思历史哲学的研究单位即社会有机体予以新的反思,以推进我们对唯物史观的认识,打开我们对历史认识的新视界。     

邓小平解放和发展社会生产力理论的历史地位

邓小平的社会生产力理论,将解放和发展社会生产力提高到社会主义本质的高度,是科学社会主义理论的新发展;其确立的生产力标准思想,是对唯物史观的丰富和完善。     

社会保障立法观念的演进及其取向

世界范围内的社会保障立法,以英国“济贫法”为肇始,经历了以德国、美国为代表的近现代立法变革,在立法观念上已经发生了实质的变革,形成了一个以“弱势群体生活保护法”为核心内容的新兴法域。我国未来的社会保障立法,应当以弱势群体为保障对象,以“生存权”保障为核心理念,以社会连带责任为运作机理,以经济与社会的协调及可持续发展为价值取向。     

Bonding in Pursuit of Policy Goals: How MPs Choose Political Parties in the Legislative State of Nature

How do MPs in nascent legislatures choose a political party? We argue that MPs self‐select into groups of like‐minded colleagues to achieve favored policy outputs. MPs identify colleagues with similar preferences based on observed behavior and informative signals such as socioeconomic status, cultural background, and previous political experience. We test this explanation in the first democratically elected German parliament, the Frankfurt Assembly of 1848, that developed a differentiated party system in the absence of electoral and career incentives. Our statistical analysis shows that MPs were significantly more likely to join parties that were similar to them with regard to ideology, age, regional provenance, confession, noble status, and previous parliamentary experience. Qualitative evidence suggests that major changes in the party system were driven by disputes over policy. Our findings are particularly important for countries with more turbulent paths towards parliamentarization than those witnessed by archetypical cases like Britain or the United States.     

Historical family systems and contemporary developmental outcomes: what is to be gained from the historical census microdata revolution?

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the role of the historical family as the instigator of disparate developmental trajectories. However, a major challenge faced by these studies was that they had to work around a lack of reliable historical data. This study demonstrates how embarking on the recent outburst of historical microdata infrastructures may help to improve these explorations by suggesting additional statistics and a derived measure (the Patriarchy Index) that might prove useful in future efforts aimed at assessing the effect of historical family organization on comparative development. The added value of that endeavour is assessed by comparing the predictive validity of the PI for contemporary developmental gradients against a composite indicator of family organization previously used by economic historians (Carmichael’s ‘Female Friendliness Index’). The results indicate that conclusions about the relationship between historical family organization and various societal outcomes may be sensitive to the measure used. Based on the evidence presented in this paper, it is argued that one of the reasons why the potential importance of historical family for contemporary developmental disparities has not been convincingly unravelled could be inadequacy of data and indicators so far employed to assess historical family formations. To the extent that the Patriarchy Index would be taken up by wider scholarly circles as an indicator of historical family organization it could help unravel potentially new associations between past and present, at least as far as Europe is concerned.     

唯物史观深化与社会主义市场经济历史定位

唯物史观提供了社会主义历史必然性证明,所擘画的未来蓝图是公有制计划经济。中国改革推出社会主义市场经济,表明生产力第一致动要素已经从"物质生产力"转移至"劳动生产力",进而表明生产力发展重心已经从侧重"生存需要"转移至侧重"发展需要";社会主义市场经济历史定位将经由唯物史观这一转变完成。