日汉外来语历史发展及介入方式比较研究

外来语是不同语言文化接触的必然产物,也是不同民族间交流来往的见证.日汉两民族在与外族交往的过程中,或直接借词或通过译词的方式接收外来词,逐渐形成了现在的词汇体系.文章对日汉外来语的历史发展和吸收方式进行对比分析和研究,找出二者之间存在的异同,为日汉外来语的研究提供参考.     

Digging up Spain's past: consequences of truth and reconciliation

Over the last decade the issue of transitional justice has attracted considerable media and academic attention. Diverse countries including such high profile cases as Chile, South Africa and the former East Germany have attempted to grapple with the complex question of how to respond to human rights abuses committed under a previous regime. Transitional justice generally surfaces as an issue during democratic transition. It is less common for this issue of past human rights abuses to be raised when democratic transition has been completed and democracy is fully consolidated. The subject of this article, however, is Spain, where the human rights abuses committed during the 1936–39 civil war, and the long Francoist dictatorship that followed, have only recently come to the fore, a full quarter of a century after the transition to democracy. The article argues that the current struggle to recover the bodies of the disappeared, and their historical memory, represents a significant case which not only provides new insights into the particular democratization process in Spain but also provides more general lessons for other countries grappling with similar problems.     

Critical terrorism studies: an activist scholar perspective

This thematic analysis examines the applicability of Gustavo Correa's constructs of horizontal and vertical honour with regard to prestige as reflected in 21 statements by Osama Bin Laden (OBL) between 2002 and 2008. The relevance of Correa's theory pivots upon whether the individual is considered as the primary locus of honour, as Correa seemed to imply. There was limited support and substantial disconfirming evidence under this condition. Correa's theory appears more applicable to honour when the Ummah rather than OBL's person is considered as the primary locus of honour, with the individual's prestige a derivative of group membership. Under this condition, supported hypotheses derived from the theory include honour being rooted in divinity; vertical and horizontal aspects of honour being mutually constitutive; vertical honour being established with the creation of the Ummah through rank (insofar as the Ummah is presumed precedent above all non-Muslims), competition (including warfare) and functioning as an ideology hierarchically differentiating Muslims from non-Muslims; horizontal honour being gendered (with domination by non-Muslims situating the Ummah in a feminised position). A notable limitation of the theory is that it does not predict or account for the geospatial reification of group honour, whereby the establishment, defence, violation and exoneration of Islamic honour is discussed in terms of establishment, defence, invasion and forceful expulsion of non-Muslims from Islamic territory. Implications of honour are discussed with regard to the Islamist geospatial dichotomy of Islamic versus non-Islamic territories, efforts to encourage disengagement from terrorism and de-radicalisation within non-Islamic settings, legitimisation of complex phenomena such as jihad or suicide bombing according to frameworks of martyrdom and realistic efforts to win hearts and minds within the Islamic world.     

司法假定理论基础的学科交叉透视

司法假定是法官在裁判过程中作出初步判断的基本思维方式,本质上为法官职业判断能力的体现.以司法假定问题为导向来聚合人文社会科学中的相关理论,各理论所采取的见解与态度给司法假定的理论基础研究带来有益启示.通过法学、心理学、哲学、经济学、历史社会学等多学科沟通意义上的描述及评价,就可很好地把握透视司法假定的理论来源.     

马克思历史唯物主义实践观及其中国化进程

马克思使辩证法走向历史的深处,以实践观更新了以往哲学家观察历史和现实的方式,指出社会存在决定社会意识。历史唯物主义对中国知识界的思想启蒙,更新了中国人的政治观念,形成了百余年来中国社会发展的生动图景。改革开放为中国社会发展提供了新的历史契机,形成了灵活运用历史唯物主义的实践自觉。推动改革进一步走向深入,必须深入研究历史唯物主义实践观及其中国化进程,形成与当今中国经济和政治发展相适应的文化气象,这是推动中国改革的实际需要,也是在新的时代条件下实现中国梦的必由之路。     

Historical perspective and better regulatory governance: An agenda for institutional reform

Compared to economics, sociology, political science, and law, the discipline of history has had a limited role in the wide‐ranging efforts to reconsider strategies of regulatory governance, especially inside regulatory institutions. This article explores how more sustained historical perspective might improve regulatory decisionmaking. We first survey how a set of American regulatory agencies currently rely on historical research and analysis, whether for the purposes of public relations or as a means of supporting policymaking. We then consider how regulatory agencies might draw on history more self‐consciously, more strategically, and to greater effect. Three areas stand out in this regard – the use of history to improve understanding of institutional culture; reliance on historical analysis to test the empirical plausibility of conceptual models that make assumptions about the likelihood of potential economic outcomes; and integration of historical research methods into program and policy evaluation.     

Synthetic Performance Indicators for Residential Housing Agencies

Many public administrations produce and distribute public services through a number of similar local autonomous organizations, or institutions, operating in different parts of the territory assigned to them under a centralized authority. Examples of this are the public residential housing institutions, the institutions for waste disposal, health care institutions, and education institutions. The problem arises regarding the evaluation of the performance of these local organizations and institutions not in absolute but in relative terms, in order to determine what incentives or sanctions should be meted out to them. This study presents the methodological problems, the data analysis, and the initial results of the method adopted by the Lombardy Region to create a system of performance indicators that will permit an automatic ranking of the Residential Housing Agencies in Lombardy （ALER） according to their performance, based on information from their balance sheets. A performance index was devised by rationally combining the results of three different analyses： position analysis, ranking analysis, and scoring analysis. The results allowed the central administration to： （1） motivate the managers of the local units through a system of performance-based incentives; （2） aggregate poorly performing local units or outsource inefficient functions; and （3） create competition among local units and raise overall performance levels.     

论邓小平与中华民族伟大复兴

邓小平领导中国人民开创中国特色社会主义新时代,他第一个提出先"建立小康社会",然后在建国100年基本实现社会主义现代化。他开辟改革开放的中国特色社会主义道路,为实现中华民族伟大复兴奠定了正确发展方向的历史基础;创立中国特色社会主义理论体系之基的邓小平理论,为实现中华民族伟大复兴奠定了正确指导思想的历史基础;始终坚持和发展而尚未完全明确其概念的中国特色社会主义制度,为实现中华民族伟大复兴奠定了根本制度的历史基础;规划未来中国发展宏伟愿景,为实现中华民族伟大复兴奠定了正确战略目标的历史基础。     

中国现代政党制度的发生学考察

中国政党制度在从资本主义政党制度向社会主义政党制度的现代转型中,经历了以资产阶级政党制度为主要内容的旧民主主义革命阶段、以国共两党围绕民主联合政府展开斗争合作为主要内容的新民主主义革命阶段和共产党领导的多党合作制度阶段。本文据此侧重从中国现代政党制度前史和毛泽东有关政党制度的两个文本的角度对中国现代政党制度作了发生学的考察,并由此得出了中国现代政党制度的经验和启示。     

浅析红军团结改造神兵的历史经验

土地革命战争时期,活跃在湘鄂川黔边区的神兵有几十万之众。红军在创建湘鄂边、湘鄂川黔革命根据地的同时,依据党的统一战线理论和民族政策,对神兵实行团结改造的政策,取得良好的效果,争取数千神兵参加红军,使神兵成为红军的主要兵源之一,神兵为红军的壮大和根据地建设作出了贡献。