王国维"二重证据法"的形成及其意义(下)

三、<殷先公先王考>和<续考>:熟练运用"二重证据法"取得的重大成果 王国维成熟地运用"二重证据法"取得的重大成果,是1917年初先后撰成的<殷卜辞中所见先公先王考>和<殷卜辞中所见先公先王续考>两文.因其所运用的方法缜密精当,解决的问题重大,为研究者打开了一片新天地,故成为近代史学史上意义重大的一页.     

建党90年来中国共产党形象建设的经验与思考

建党90年来,中国共产党始终重视加强自身形象建设,坚持把代表广大人民利益作为形象建设的灵魂,把不断推动经济社会发展作为形象建设的根本,把与时俱进加强党的建设作为形象建设的主线,树立了我党在各个时期的光辉形象。在继承和发扬我党形象建设优良传统的基础上,还应适应形势任务发展变化,借鉴公共关系学理论,强化政党公关意识,发挥现代传媒作用,不断探索创新我党形象建设的形式和方法,全面提高党的执政能力、巩固党的执政地位。     

Representations of the family in postwar British amateur film: family histories in the Lane and Scrutton collection at the East Anglian Film Archive

This article examines the construction of the postwar British family in amateur film with reference to the Sidney Lane and Cecil Scrutton collection held at the East Anglian Film Archive (EAFA), particularly the films covering 1948 – 1961. Heather Norris Nicholson argues that home movies contribute to ‘an understanding of leisure and visual-related practices of consumption as well as the social processes by which people came to give themselves, and others, identities’ in the mid-twentieth century (Nicholson, H. N. [2004]. At Home and Abroad with Cine Enthusiasts: Regional Amateur Filmmaking and Visualizing the Mediterranean, ca. 1928 – 1962’. Geojournal, 49, 323–333). By considering the social and historical contexts in which these home movies were produced, and using accompanying notes by one of the filmmaker’s sons, the leisure time films of Lane and Scrutton can be analysed in order to understand how the amateur cine hobby ideologically constructed family, community and national identity in postwar Britain. The images of Christmas parties, daytrips and holidays in these films reveal much about this particular family, and are therefore very illuminating to the social historian and film scholar of today.     

The legal possibilities of Antwerp widows in the late sixteenth century

This article assesses the ability of widows and other women in Antwerp to act independently of men to defend their economic interests and those of their children. Consideration is given to both legal norms and actual practice in a number of different areas including writing wills, making marriage contracts, managing financial assets and pursuing claims and defending themselves in the civil courts. Analyses of these issues indicate that widows in Antwerp enjoyed in practice a greater degree of independence than was available to widows in many other parts of Europe, despite their weaker position in law.

Particular attention is given to the role in Antwerp of women merchants whose position freed them from male control and supervision. It is argued that their favored status did not derive from the desire of the authorities to protect the interests of their male relatives or to advance the economic interests of these women. Rather their legal freedom is seen as reflecting acknowledgement of the importance of their business activities and the wish to safeguard the interests of their customers who could pursue claims against the woman merchant in the event of a dispute.     

The Time Path of Legislative Party Switching and the Dynamics of Political Competition: The Italian Case (1996–2011)

Political competition is more realistically described as a dynamic process rather than as a series of static stages in which parties compete over policy and government formation. This paper focuses on legislative party switching as the main manifestation of this endogenously evolving process, linking individual switching behaviour to policy and office incentives that are assumed to evolve throughout the life of the entire legislature. Using a new data set tracking the timing of MPs’ changes in party affiliations between 1996 and 2011 in Italy, it is found that switching is mainly motivated by policy reasons and that it is more likely during government formation periods and budget negotiations. These results are a consequence of the interplay between MPs’ ambition and the alternation of key phases in the legislative cycle.     

Gender differences in violent offending: results from a multicentre comparison study in Dutch forensic psychiatry

ABSTRACT

The past two decades, a disproportionate growth of females entering the criminal justice system and forensic mental health services has been observed worldwide. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the background of women who are convicted for violent offenses. What is their criminal history, what are their motives for offending and in which way do they differ from men convicted for violent offenses? In this study, criminal histories and the offenses for which they were admitted to forensic care were analyzed of 218 women and 218 men who have been treated between 1984 and 2014 with a mandatory treatment order in one of four Dutch forensic psychiatric settings admitting both men and women. It is concluded that there are important differences in violent offending between male and female patients. Most importantly, female violence was more often directed towards their close environment, like their children, and driven by relational frustration. Furthermore, female patients received lower punishments compared to male patients and were more often considered to be diminished accountable for their offenses due to a mental illness.     

为党为国为民 无私无畏无愧——胡耀邦拨乱反正与拨乱反正中的胡耀邦

"拨乱反正"是改革开放的前提,是中国共产党和中华人民共和国历史进程中的一个重大事件.胡耀邦在这一重大事件中起到了举足轻重的作用.胡耀邦为党为国为民拨乱反正的丰功伟绩和在拨乱反正过程中体现出的无私无畏无愧品格将永载史册.     

美国第三人引入诉讼制度的历史、价值与结构

美国第三人引入诉讼制度通过第三人引入诉讼的程序机制,实现相关联纠纷的一次解决,可以避免裁判之间的矛盾,节约诉讼资源和成本,并且保障诉讼当事人的实体权利。第三人引入诉讼之后,在已开始的诉讼中便存在原诉和第三人之诉两个独立的诉,这样当事人可以相互之间或向案外人再提出相关联的其他请求。研究考察美国第三人引入诉讼制度,对于完善和重构我国的民事诉讼第三人制度具有重要的理论意义和制度借鉴价值。     

印度婚姻制度的嬗变

在人类婚姻制度的发展历程中,印度的婚姻制度的发展是比较独特的,它随着印度社会的变化而演化,先后经历了从古代的种姓婚姻到中世纪的伊斯兰教婚姻,从近代英国统治下的婚姻变革到独立后的婚姻制度现代化,其发展道路坎坷曲折,其转变的过程既反映了印度时代的变迁,也明示着人类社会的进步.     

关于改革开放的历史必然及发展阶段

中国为什么要改革开放？为什么必须毫不动摇地坚持改革开放？说明这一点,关系到我们能否坚定对中国特色社会主义事业的信念。特别是在改革开放不断深化并遇到各种障碍和问题时,就更需要对改革开放的必要性加以说明。对这个问题,既需要依据当前的现实来论证,更需要从对历史的考察中加以说明,即从历史中寻求答案。