Rights,responsibilities and regulation – the three Rs of education: a consideration of the state's control over parental choice in education

Education is both a right and a responsibility. International instruments such as the International covenant on civil and political rights and the International convention on the rights of the child affirm the right of all children to education. This right is spelt out in the education legislation of all states and territories in Australia. Education is not only free but is compulsory for all children between certain ages. The obligation is imposed on parents (in accordance with definitions contained therein) to ensure that their children are both enrolled at and attend school. However, parental choice of education provider is allowed within each jurisdiction by way of state, private or church schools, all of which are registered and regulated to varying degrees by the state. The legislation of each jurisdiction also makes some degree of provision for parents who choose to opt out their children from any formal education setting and to educate them at home. Home education is also subject to state regulation. The assumption by the state of the responsibility for education guides this policy and legislation. The argument for state control of all education, no matter how and by whom it is provided, is that the state has an overriding interest in ensuring the economic well-being of its citizens and the growth of its intellectual capital. The state acknowledges that the responsibility for education is shared with parents, primarily by providing penalties for parents who fail to ensure enrolment and attendance of their children at a school. There is evidence that more and more parents in developed countries worldwide are choosing to educate their children at home, and anecdotal evidence suggests that Australia is part of this trend. To this end, this article critically examines the balance and relationship between the exercise of parental choice and responsibility in education, and state regulation and control. It does so by examining the means by which the legislation of different jurisdictions allows for choice in the exercise of the right to education, with particular reference to home education, places limitations on that choice and imposes control on the delivery of education outside state schools.     

借鉴国内外经验加快内陆开放型经济试验区建设步伐

宁夏内陆开放型经济试验区,是我国内陆地区首个也是唯一覆盖整个省级区域的试验区,是党中央、国务院积极应对国际政治经济格局深刻变化作出的重大战略部署,是实施全方位对外开放的重大战略举措。需借鉴国内外成功的发展经验,走出一条适合宁夏实际的发展道路。     

Social Capital,Migration and Development in the Valles Centrales of Oaxaca,Mexico: Non‐Migrants and Communities of Origin Matter

This article investigates the importance of place‐of‐origin communities to an understanding of the impact of migrant remittances on local development, employing the concept of social capital. Two aspects of social capital (each present prior to migration) are shown to be of significance–family relationships and community organisation. Drawing on recent research in two peasant communities in Oaxaca, Mexico, social capital is used to examine the relevance of non‐migrants in shaping the outcomes of migration in communities of origin. Evaluation of migrant remittances and home‐town associations demonstrates the developmental significance of non‐migrants and communities of origin.     

南昌市返乡农民工就业及未来预期调查

在国际金融危机的背景下,南昌出现农民工集中返乡情况。为了解返乡农民工的生存现状和未来预期,通过对基层农村进行实地调查,分析农民工就业现状和心理预期,从而提出基层政府帮助农民工就业,发展地方经济的一些对策建议。     

Does it Matter Who Works at the Center? A Comparative Policy Analysis of Executive Styles

This article develops the concept of executive style to explore how variations in the relationships between politicians, career civil servants, and political appointees affect the types of policy outputs. A comparative analysis of home care policies in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia finds that the former’s civil service executive style – where professional civil servants work in close partnership with politicians in all phases of the policy process – led to the development of an innovative home care program with a long-term vision, whereas the latter’s politicized executive style – where politicians marginalize the role of civil servants in favor of political appointees – led to frequent changes in policy largely driven by short-term considerations.     

Healthcare,Policy Implementation,and Culture: What Cultural Values Influence Unpaid Primary Caregivers to Provide Care to Older Adults?

This research examines home healthcare programs implemented in Puerto Rico and Indiana. Puerto Rico is primarily a Hispanic territory of the United States, while Indiana is a culturally Anglo Midwestern state. This study explores the cultural values that influence unpaid care of older adults in these two settings. I hypothesize that dissimilar cultural values will influence care of unpaid primary caregivers (UPCs) in both jurisdictions. Results supported the hypothesis: UPCs emphasized different cultural values in caregiving. The study recommends that the federal government support families with essential services to enable them render badly-needed care to their elderly family members.     

家电下乡政策背后的实践困境——基于陕西省七个村的实证调查

家电下乡政策是新时期国家为刺激消费扩大内需而采取的一项逐渐惠及民生的政策。结合对陕西省七个村的调查,从微观、中观和宏观三个视角对家电下乡的实施进行考察,发现农民购买欲望与实际购买行为存在矛盾,基层政府在政策实施上不到位与政策价值预期存在矛盾,农村经济发展不足与面临货币压力存在矛盾,因此,需要采取积极措施破解这些实践困境。     

A home of one’s own: women and home ownership in the borderlands of post-apartheid South Africa and Lesotho

This study explores women’s practice of acquiring, “growing” and multiplying a “home of one’s own” in the borderlands of the Free State province of South Africa and Lesotho. It shows how a home of one’s own confirms that one is a person proper (motho, p. batho), thus distinguishable from any other entity (ntho, p. dintho). A woman establishes a home of one’s own as a domain of autonomy (ha ka) where she can reproduce persons for whom she provides a home (heso). After her death, such a home remains an incubator of personhood. As a process of apprehending self, this gendered practice does not necessarily require men’s involvement, which is important in a social landscape of many female-headed households. Their gendered conception of residential property, alongside the possibility to let or sell homes, enables women to support theirs and others’ aspirations as the crisis of unemployment in the borderlands deepens.     

新孝道：现代家庭养老的伦理和道义支撑

目前,在我国养老任务繁重、社会养老保障体系不健全的情况下, "扬弃"孝道传统,倡导现代特征的新孝道,可为解决家庭养老提供重要的伦理和道义支撑,从而促进我国养老机制的完善与和谐家庭关系的构建.     

准确定位 强化公安院校“训历”教育

随着社会的发展和公安实战提出的需求,针对公安工作的长期性、社会性、复杂性、变动性的特点,决定了公安队伍建设必须走职业化、专业化的道路,公安教育工作必须适应客观形势的要求、致力于培养高素质职业专业人才;决定了公安院校教育应该彻底改变传统学历教育的定位、向公务员职业化教育发展、走警察职业化培训之路。