“宅基地换房”——天津户籍制度改革的有益尝试

随着改革开放的深入和经济社会的发展,农村的城镇化已成为不可逆转之势。全国各地农村在推进小城镇建设中模式各异,天津市正在探索一条以宅基地换房建设示范小城镇的新路子,而户籍制度作为城乡二元结构的突出表现形式已面临着全面改革的阶段。本文综合考察了天津市各示范镇认为,以＂宅基地换房＂的办法是天津户籍制度改革的有益尝试。     

户籍制度改革与地方政府的职能转变——以郑州户籍制度改革为例

2001—2005年的郑州户籍制度改革发生在全国户籍制度改革的大背景下,其在改革过程中存在着三组矛盾:实现社会公平与官员追求政绩的矛盾、户口束缚解除与财政支出增加的矛盾、领导决定与公民参与的矛盾。这三组矛盾在一定程度上暴露出政府在政治过程中的职能缺位,所以,地方政府制度创新的基础是政府职能的转变,地方政府要树立责任政府、服务政府与透明政府的观念,并将之付诸实践。     

农村人口变迁对农业家庭经营的影响与法律对策

作为农村社会变迁的重要组成部分,农村人口变迁主要包括人口数量、结构、质量、心理素质以及思想观念等方面的变化。在新的历史时期,我国农村人口的变迁呈现出独特的趋势。农村人口各个方面的变迁会对农业家庭经营产生重要而又深远的影响,因此,必须重视农村人口变迁的趋势及其影响,着力调整计划生育、农村就业以及农村公共产品供给等方面的法律制度,确保我国农业家庭经营获得健康发展。     

Personal Criminal Victimization in the United States: Fixed and Random Effects of Individual and Household Characteristics

The present research is concerned with multilevel modeling of personalvictimization rates. Data from the 1994 National Crime Victimization Surveyare employed. Following the routine activities and lifestyle victimizationtheory, individuals' profile and lifestyle as well as characteristics oftheir household comprise the set of explanatory variables. The results ofestimated multilevel negative binomial models, which explicitly disentanglethe unexplained heterogeneity between individuals and between households,are discussed. The estimated random effects of household characteristicsshow that the unexplained heterogeneity for the average number of personalcrimes differs across household types. Further, the individual covariateswith between households random effects become less influential the more thebase personal crime rates are high.     

Post-capitalist property

When writing about property and property rights in his imagined post-capitalist society of the future, Marx seemed to envisage ‘individual property’ co-existing with ‘socialized property’ in the means of production. As the social and political consequences of faltering growth and increasing inequality, debt and insecurity gradually manifest themselves, and with automation and artificial intelligence lurking in the wings, the future of capitalism, at least in its current form, looks increasingly uncertain. With this, the question of what property and property rights might look like in the future, in a potentially post-capitalist society, is becoming ever more pertinent. Is the choice simply between private property and markets, and public (state-owned) property and planning? Or can individual and social property in the (same) means of production co-exist, as Marx suggested? This paper explores ways in which they might, through an examination of the Chinese household responsibility system (HRS) and the ‘fuzzy’ and seemingly confusing regime of land ownership that it instituted. It examines the HRS against the backdrop of Marx’s ideas about property and subsequent (post-Marx) theorizing about the legal nature of property in which property has come widely to be conceptualized not as a single, unitary ‘ownership’ right to a thing (or, indeed, as the thing itself) but as a ‘bundle of rights’. The bundle-of-rights idea of property, it suggests, enables us to see not only that ‘individual’ and ‘socialized’ property’ in the (same) means of production might indeed co-exist, but that the range of institutional possibility is far greater than that between capitalism and socialism/communism as traditionally conceived.     

Asset Ownership and Future Orientation of Youth and Their Parents: Evidence From Ghana

Although future orientation influences a variety of desirable behaviors, few studies have examined the relationship between economic resources and future orientation. In this study, we investigated whether and how asset ownership influences future orientation. We analyzed survey data collected from 3,007 Ghanaian youth and their parents. We used factor analysis to determine the psychometric qualities of our instruments, and propensity score analysis to examine the relationship between asset ownership and future orientation. Results suggest that asset ownership influences future orientation of youth and their parents. However, the direction of the relationship depends on the type of asset. Ownership of household possessions, including televisions contributes to higher levels of future orientation, but livestock ownership has a negative effect on future orientation. We discuss implications for future research, as well as programs for youth and their families.     

户籍制度改革的几点思考

当前,我国的户籍制度改革已经进入了重要阶段,我国的户籍改革制度将走向何方,一直是人们所关注的。随着改革开放的深入发展,我国目前的户籍制度与我国市场经济的不适应性已凸显。     

日本家庭在循环经济发展中的经验和做法及对我国的启示

家庭作为消费领域的基本单元,对循环经济发展起到重要促进作用。日本是最早发展循环经济的国家之一,其家庭促进循环经济发展的成功经验值得中国借鉴。由此得到启示,我国应重视家庭这一循环经济发展的切入点,提高公众对循环经济的认知度、重视女性在循环经济实践中的地位、完善城市生活垃圾回收体系、加强家庭环境教育、深化"绿色住宅"理念,促进循环经济的深入发展。     

农户承包集体土地合同上的财产关系

关于集体土地的各种问题是法学界长期热议的问题,其中农户承包集体土地合同是一种新型合同,民法需要解决的是该种合同的性质和依据这种合同取得的财产权的性质,以及依据性质定位建立健全对其保护的机制与具体制度。从历史演进的角度厘清农户承包集体土地合同的基本法律关系,进而对这种合同以及依据合同所取得的财产权的性质以及财产权的主体关系进行分析和整理,并在此基础上探寻这种合同制度整体适用的统一原则和规范,是解决问题的关键。     

浅谈住宅供暖方式多样化

文章对集中供热、户用燃气炉和电采暖 3类主要供暖方式分别做了介绍 ,指出其适用范围 ,就如何认识“住宅供暖方式多样化”发表了个人的几个观点