户籍制度的法律改革与底层精英问题探析

包括原籍为农村户口大学毕业生在内的城市农民工,相对于普通农民而言在年龄、教育、个人素养等方面具有明显的优势,他们是精英群体。然而现行户籍制度的弊端导致他们遭受种种歧视,处于社会的底层地位,这对社会稳定构成了潜在的威胁。因此,对现行户籍制度进行法律改革,维护底层精英的平等权利就显得尤为迫切重要。     

浅论家庭暴力

家庭暴力不仅是法律问题,也是社会问题。家庭暴力的成因和表现形式依各国的文化传统、习俗、社会经济的不同而略有差异,要有效地遏止家庭暴力,必须在完善现有法律规定的同时,开展自上而下和自下而上的反家庭暴力公众运动,转变人们对家庭暴力的认识。     

海峡两岸户籍制度比较

虽有相同的文化渊源做前提,台湾地区和中国大陆最终还是在户籍法律制度上选择了不同的走向。本文主要从宏观和微观两个角度重点比较了两岸户籍法律制度之差异,并近一步浅析该差异对社会发展造成的诸多影响,以期对中国当下的户籍改革有所启发。     

大学学杂费水平对农村家庭消费的挤占效应——基于中国农村家庭数据的分析

随着高等教育收费制度的建立,大学学杂费收费水平不断提高。对于农村家庭而言,学杂费负担对家庭其他消费的负面影响越来越凸现。利用中国农村家庭高等教育学杂费支出和农户年人均储蓄额等指标,运用协整检验和误差修正模型,可以间接分析高额大学学杂费支出对农村家庭其他消费的影响效应。实证分析表明,无论是从长期还是从短期来看,农村家庭高等教育学杂费支出对家庭其他消费都存在挤占效应,只是长期挤占效应要明显强于短期。     

如何加强村庄宅基地管理

在新农村背景下加强村庄宅基地管理,需要采取如下切实措施:编制科学合理的规划,落实保护耕地的政策;区别情况,妥善处理一户多宅问题;切实加强集体建设用地的法制建设;加强宅基地用地计划和审批管理制度。     

统筹城乡发展下的我国户籍制度改革

近年来,全国各地要求户籍制度改革的呼声不断。虽然有些地方陆续进行了改革。但由于改革正处于试验阶段,户籍制度改革面临难题。其原因在于制度上的障碍、利益集团的博弈、资源上的匮乏、政策上的阻碍等。我国应当建立全国统一的户口登记管理制度,实现公民身份的真正平等;注意改革的力度和顺序,在人事、教育、医疗等制度上进行相应的改革;剥离现行户籍制度的社会福利和其它社会功能,促进户籍管理的法制化,建立城乡统筹、行政控制和市场推进相结合的体现平等和实现迁徙自由的户籍制度。     

论家庭承包经营制度的“三个转变”

我国农村土地经营制度的改革历程,经历了三个根本性的转变:一是从"家庭联产承包责任制"到"家庭承包经营制度"的转变;二是从债权型的家庭承包经营到物权化的家庭承包经营的转变;三是土地经营从短期承包到长期使用的转变.这三个转变确立了农民在市场经济条件下实行家庭承包经营的主体地位,赋予了农民长期而有保障的土地使用权.     

The Jews of early modern Marburg, 1640s—1800

This article examines Jewish household and family organization in a middle-sized German city, the Upper Hessian regional center of Marburg, the population of which ranged from 2500 to 6000 from the Thirty Years War to the end of the 18th century. Some general hypotheses about population development, household structure, and family life conveniently summarized by Toch [Toch, M. (1995). Aspects of stratification in early modern German Jewry: Population history and village Jews. In R. P. Hsia & H. Lehmann (Eds.). In and out of the ghetto: Jewish-Gentile relations in late medieval and early modern Germany (pp. 77-89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] serve as an organizational frame for the case study. In Toch's view, Jews' comparative wealth, as well as governmental restrictions on their settlement and marriage in central Europe, led to their having larger and more complex households than those of the Christian majority. While household enumerations over time confirm several of Toch's observations, especially the larger size of Jewish families, neither Hessian settlement policy nor local Marburg opposition prevented the Jewish minority of about 1% from keeping pace with general population growth. Moreover, Jews did not respond to their regulated living conditions and status as cultural outsiders with a family organization exhibiting remarkably more internal complexity than did Christian households.     

Demographic aspects of the Greek household: The case of Preveza (18th century)

The demography of the Greek household is investigated within the context of the town of Preveza. The size, age, and sex composition and structure of the household are also considered. Two detailed censuses of the town are used: the first carried out in 1719, and the second, around 1780. The mean household size has been calculated: 4.24 for 1719 and 4.36 for c. 1780. Analysis of the data shows a clear predominance of males, particularly among the young, and of simple family households. Results presented here need to be seen in the light of other regions of Greece, since few studies yet exist.     

Age patterns of migration among Korean adults in early 20th-century Seoul

In this study, we examine age patterns of migration among adults who resided in Seoul in the early twentieth century. We use information, obtained from the Seoul household registers, on the length of time these adults lived in their current residences to estimate age-specific migration rates and construct migration life tables. Our findings point to the following: First, Seoul residents were quite mobile. On average, during the early twentieth century, Seoul residents moved approximately four times between their primary working ages of 15 and 64. Second, upper-class individuals were more mobile than lower-class individuals. While the upper-class individuals moved approximately five times between ages 15 and 65, the lower-class individuals moved less than three times. This class differential can be explained because Korean bureaucrats experienced frequent duty changes during this period. Third, household composition also affected migration rates. We compare our results with European migration studies and discuss the implications of these finding on urbanization that occurred in early twentieth century Seoul.