The patriarchy index: a comparative study of power relations across historical Europe

This article stands at the confluence of three streams of historical social science analysis: the sociological study of power relations within the family, the regional demography of historical Europe, and the study of spatial patterning of historical family forms in Europe. It is a first exercise in the design and application of a new ‘master variable’ for cross-cultural studies of family organization and relations. This indexed composite measure, which the authors call the Index of Patriarchy, incorporates a range of variables related to familial behaviour, including nuptiality and age at marriage, living arrangements, post-marital residence, power relations within domestic groups, the position of the aged, and the sex of the offspring. The index combines all these items, with each being given equal weight in the calculation of the final score, which represents the varying degrees of sex- and age-related social inequality (‘patriarchal bias’) in different societal and familial settings. In order to explore the comparative advantages of the index, the authors use information from census and census-like microdata for 91 regions of historical Europe covering more than 700,000 individuals living in 143,000 domestic groups, from the Atlantic to the Urals. The index allows the authors to identify regions with different degrees of patriarchy within a single country, across the regions of a single country, or across and within many broader zones of historical Europe. The unprecedented patterning of the many elements of power relations and agency contained in the index generates new ways of accounting for both the geographies and the histories of family organization across the European landmass.     

Mosaic: recovering surviving census records and reconstructing the familial history of Europe

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the demand for global data on historical family systems, both in the social sciences and in the humanities. Until lately, however, scholars interested in historical global family variation had to rely on simplified and often ahistorical world-scale classifications of family systems by world geographic regions. This article communicates Mosaic to the scholarly community – one of the largest infrastructural projects in the history of historical demography and family sociology. The article provides a brief history of the project, a discussion of the main issues involved in creating the database (including sampling and representativeness), and Mosaic's data structure and coverage. In the remainder of the article, the authors provide an overview of methodological and research opportunities that the project can offer to scholars, showing how the most pertinent problems of historical family demography can be tackled in more systematic ways than previously.     

发展股份农场 探索新型规模农业的新路子

文章分析了我国农业生产中的家庭均包制经营的产权制度的局限性,认为单一的家庭承包制,难以适应世界农业市场的竞争。实行在产权制度明晰基础上的股份合作制,发展股份合作农场,是现阶段我国发展现代农业、实现适度规模经营的主要路径与发展模式。     

关于我国户籍制度改革的新设想

近年来,全国各地要求户籍制度改革的呼声不断,虽然有些地方陆续进行了改革,但是由于改革正处于试验阶段,户籍制度改革面临着难点。原因在于制度上的障碍、利益集团的博弈、资源上的匮乏、政策上的阻碍等。我国应当建立全国统一的户口登记管理制度,实现公民身份的真正平等,注意改革的力度和顺序,在人事、教育、医疗等制度进行相应的改革,剥离现行户籍制度的社会福利和其他社会功能,促进户籍管理的法制化,建立城乡统筹、行政控制和市场推进相结合的体现平等和实现迁徙自由的户籍制度。     

在经济复苏中推进循环经济发展——基于实施家电以旧换新政策的分析

家电以旧换新政策具有经济与环保的双重效应,其政策实施方案是促进经济复苏举措中有利于中国循环经济发展的典型代表,应从推进家电产业发展循环经济的高度,在生产者环保责任、行业规划与支持政策、信息管理、环保法规宣传与执行等方面做出进一步努力。     

户籍制度改革 --我国二元户籍制度的形成、弊端及其改革原则

户籍管理与限制人口迁移政策相联系,与粮油制度相挂钩,与福利制度相结合构成了我国独特的二元户籍制度.其主要弊端表现为现行户籍制度体现出世袭身份等级的特征;造成城乡居民选举权的不平等;城乡居民就业权的不平等;限制人口合理流动等.在市场经济体制下的今天,其改革原则应以推动人口合理流动和以人为本为改革原则.     

农民工城居子女义务教育问题研究

20世纪90年代以来,农民工城居子女的义务教育问题日益引起人们的关注。农民工城居子女在义务教育阶段存在的问题折射的是体制性问题,与我国的户籍管理、财政制度、税收政策、社会保障、公民权利等一系列问题密切相关。保障农民工城居子女接受义务教育的权利,亟需中央和各级政府更有效地对此承担起责任,为农民工城居子女的义务教育提供制度保障和政策支持。     

迁徙自由下户籍制度改革的构想

迁徙自由为公民所享有的基本权利之一,而迁徙自由在我国法律制度中的地位则经历了一个曲折过程。基于迁徙自由的户籍制度改革,必须重视对城乡统筹的指导,必须重视迁徙自由时机成熟的确立,必须强调自由与权利的相对性、身份与权利平等、权利与义务对等、所有权益获得是渐进分步式的。     

透析我国户籍制度的改革与发展

随着我国市场经济的建立和完善,我国当代户籍制度已越来越不适应城市发展的需要,阻碍了我国农业人口城市化进程的顺利进行,并在一定程度上形成了社会人群之间的差别,侵害了公民依法享有的权利,改革势在必行。改革户籍制度必须加强经济、文化、教育建设,尽快缩小和消除东西部地区、大、中城市之间的差别;加大劳动就业和社会保障制度改革;努力提高行政效率和服务水平,进一步严密和完善户口管理;进一步调整城市户口迁移政策,继续放宽对户口迁移的限制;加强户籍法律法规建设。     

住房权保障如何可能研究纲要

在公法意义上,早期的住宅自由是基本人权的住房权的雏形。历史经验表明,时代的发展和人权理念的更新不断地将新的内涵注入住房权权利体系。近年来,随着国际国内社会对住房权的普遍重视,在国内层面上如何实现对住房权的法律保障问题渐进凸显。在立法层面,宪法和住宅法应该成为基础与核心,而在司法实践中也应该尝试确认住房权的可诉性,实现对住房权的司法救济。