Exploring the Impacts of Racial Disparity Within the American Juvenile Justice System

The racial disparity in the American juvenile justice system impacts the lives of many youth of color. Youth of color constitute 34% of the U.S. population, however, they make up 62% of the youth charged in the juvenile justice system. The cycle of racial inequality and imprisonment are factors influenced by residential segregation and policing practices. Juvenile justice involvement leads to poorer physical and mental health in youth, stymied social outcomes, poorer familial relationships, decreased graduation and employment rates, increased rates in violence, and long-term negative future outcomes. The article advocates for mental health treatment and family services to be incorporated within incarcerated settings. Clinical strategies and future direction are discussed to begin to combat these various adverse impacts.     

性别分层的法律蕴涵

性别不平等、性别歧视、女人的"隐而不见性",都深深地根植于社会结构之中,深受财富、威望和权力之影响。当社会发生变化之时,一切都在改变。人类的性包含了很多社会、文化、历史因素的,性正是被这些因素所构建、所塑就的。自宋至清,无论是寡妇、女儿还是妾的财产继承权都不可和男子的继承权相提并论、同日而语,这俨然是性别在财产方面的一种分层。性别暴力是一种男性支配的表现,不是天生的性欲,当一个文化贬抑"女性化"特质时,男性就会借由性别暴力和其他形式的支配来贬抑女性。性法律是性分层和性迫害最强有力的根据。因此,性别在法律上得以分层,并成为性别不平等、性别压迫的来源、媒介甚至工具,尽管这种分层是不完全的。     

中国汉族女性"名"的语言文化分析

姓名是一个符号体系 ,它蕴涵着丰富的社会文化意义。中国字是最形象的文化符号之一 ,每个字的产生和运用都有着特殊的作用 ,因而中国人对于取名非常重视。不同阶级和家族在取名时 ,不仅注意到姓与名的结构和组合 ,还要考虑到其中的寓意 ,包括富贵荣华、升官发财之类的世俗意义。此外 ,有的名字还要考虑木、火、土、金、水的搭配 ,有的名字考虑到笔划的多少与生辰八字是否吻合 ,有的名字考虑到阴柔与强刚等。而中国女性的名字具有明显的象征和期盼性。如以花为名 ,希望如花似玉 ;以德为名 ,希望贤淑温柔等等。如果从人类学的角度来分析 ,这些名字的构成更有其深奥的内涵。     

Two-dimensional metric comparison between dynamic bare and sock-clad footprints for its forensic implications – A pilot study

Footprints may be present at crime scenes as physical evidence. This pilot study compares two-dimensional measurements of bare and sock-clad footprints to determine if significant differences or similarities exist. Dynamic footprints were collected from 30 males and 20 females between the ages of 20 and 61?years old (mean of 28.2?years) using the Identicator Inkless Shoe Print Model LE 25P system. A midgait protocol was employed for obtaining footprints. The fifth and sixth footprint of gait were collected for the right and left foot, respectively, in both sock-clad and barefoot trials. The footprint measurements between sock-clad and bare footprints were compared. The results did not indicate any significant difference (p?>?.05) between bare and sock-clad foot length measurements for right or left feet. Significant differences were seen for the width measurements between bare and sock-clad footprints. These findings have forensic implications, particularly in criminal cases where it is unclear if a footprint impression is from a sock-clad foot or a bare foot. This study shows that such a determination is generally not necessary when utilizing two-dimensional measurements for length comparison between a bare and sock-clad footprint. However, if width measurements are being evaluated, the distinction between bare and sock-clad footprints should be considered.     

“有权不可任性”的政治意蕴初探--兼谈学习《政府工作报告》

“大道至简，有权不可任性”是李克强总理在作《政府工作报告》时的幽默表述，这不仅是一句流行的话语，更是建设现代政府的宣言，有着深刻的政治意蕴。从宏观上讲，“有权不可任性”要求优化政府职能，实行简政放权；从中观上讲，“有权不可任性”就是建立健全科学合理的政绩考核体系；从微观上讲，“有权不可任性”要求党员干部树立并践行正确的权力观。     

科技术语和行业语词义的泛化

借用具有固定涵义的科技术语和行业语进入普通语词，是词汇丰富化的一条重要途径，其中通过词义泛化获得的非专业语义的新义是新词语中品位较高的部分。本文从科技术语和行业语词义泛化的原因、途径、方式、效果及前景等方面予以阐析     

Should I stay or should I go?

Legal context: The European Patent Convention inherently allows parallel revocationproceedings to take place in the EPO and the domestic patentcourts. As a result, parties to UK patent proceedings frequentlyapply for a stay pending the outcome of proceedings in the EPO.There is commonly assumed to be a presumption in favour of thisstay, so long as it does not amount to an injustice. Key points: This article reviews the UK case law that has followed the Courtof Appeal decision in Kimberly-Clark, to see if this presumptionin favour of a stay is sustained. These cases show that, whendeciding whether to order a stay, judges perform a balancingexercise of a number of considerations. In practice it appearsthat these considerations easily topple the presumption. Practical significance: By providing a comparison of the considerations put before thecourts in the past, this article seeks to aid practitionersin judging those factors likely to affect the success of a stayapplication. It also highlights the lack of authority at appellatelevel on whether it is lawful for patent courts not to ordera stay.     

儒、墨、道教学传统比较及其对现代教学的启示

博大精深的中国教学传统，因其主流与非主流之别，显性与隐性之 异，具有了其化自身兼容并包，多元共生的必然性，与儒学并称显学的墨家之学，其教育内容选择不同于儒学，且以重视创新与逻辑理性思维为特征，并非儒墨显学的道家潜隐之学，其教学传统持自然观而相异于儒墨社会观，其自然观所隐蕴的生命哲学，导此了其独特的教学目的论和方法功能说，以此与当代诸多新教学思想渊源相通，当世界范围内的多元化冲突和谐与共生共荣成为必然趋势的情况下，中国的主流教学传统已不足以负载现代教学的全部意义，有理由认为，中国非主流教学传统在发展中国特色的现代教学，建构中国特色的现代教学理论中，必将与主流教学传统多元共生，成为某种必须的“根本”。     

The internal‐external marketing orientation of a political party: social implications of political party marketing orientation

This paper attempts to examine and define marketing's role and significance in the political arena and understand the social implications of political marketing more appropriately. A case study was undertaken to examine a major Australian political party's marketing orientation using key facets of the Kotler and Andreasen (1991) typology of internal versus external orientation and the Kohli and Jaworski (1990) market orientation perspective. An examination of this nature has previously not been undertaken in the area of political marketing to explore the social marketing issues from the marketer's perspective. The findings indicate significant issues for parties and marketing researchers to consider in relation to marketing and market orientation of political parties. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications