儒、墨、道教学传统比较及其对现代教学的启示

博大精深的中国教学传统，因其主流与非主流之别，显性与隐性之 异，具有了其化自身兼容并包，多元共生的必然性，与儒学并称显学的墨家之学，其教育内容选择不同于儒学，且以重视创新与逻辑理性思维为特征，并非儒墨显学的道家潜隐之学，其教学传统持自然观而相异于儒墨社会观，其自然观所隐蕴的生命哲学，导此了其独特的教学目的论和方法功能说，以此与当代诸多新教学思想渊源相通，当世界范围内的多元化冲突和谐与共生共荣成为必然趋势的情况下，中国的主流教学传统已不足以负载现代教学的全部意义，有理由认为，中国非主流教学传统在发展中国特色的现代教学，建构中国特色的现代教学理论中，必将与主流教学传统多元共生，成为某种必须的“根本”。     

The internal‐external marketing orientation of a political party: social implications of political party marketing orientation

This paper attempts to examine and define marketing's role and significance in the political arena and understand the social implications of political marketing more appropriately. A case study was undertaken to examine a major Australian political party's marketing orientation using key facets of the Kotler and Andreasen (1991) typology of internal versus external orientation and the Kohli and Jaworski (1990) market orientation perspective. An examination of this nature has previously not been undertaken in the area of political marketing to explore the social marketing issues from the marketer's perspective. The findings indicate significant issues for parties and marketing researchers to consider in relation to marketing and market orientation of political parties. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications     

Modeling and testing the diffusion of expectations: An EITM approach

This paper uses the empirical implications of theoretical models (EITM) framework to examine the consequences of the asymmetric diffusion of expectations. In the spirit of the traditional two-step flow model of communication, less-informed agents learn the expectations of more-informed agents. We find that when there is misinterpretation in the information acquisition process, a boomerang effect exists. In this equilibrium the less-informed agents’ forecasts confound those of more-informed agents. We apply the EITM approach to a key economic variable known to have a relation to economic fluctuations – inflation expectations. Using surveyed inflation expectations data for the period, 1978–2000, we find the boomerang effect exists. One implication of this finding pertains to economic policy and economic volatility: because policymakers have more information than the public, the boomerang effect can lead policymakers to make inaccurate forecasts of economic conditions and conduct erroneous policies which contribute to economic instability.     

陈云党风建设思想及其当代启示

老一辈革命家陈云,是社会主义建设时期党和国家的主要领导人之一,对党风问题有着深刻的认识,做出过重要的论述。他强调学习马列主义的重要性,因为马列主义决定了广大党员的世界观和人生观。他告诫党,如果不坚持密切联系群众,党就是＂光杆子＂,一定失败。他认为批评与自我批评是党的一件武器,可以及时发现问题,可以避免小错酿成大错。他主张坚持民主集中制,我党既是＂最有纪律的＂,也是＂最讲民主、最讲自由的＂。这些论述值得今天的领导认真学习,深入领会。     

环保行政判决的结构分析及其制度意蕴——以2016年度203份环保行政判决文书为分析对象

以结构化的形式对2016年度203份环保行政判决文书加以分析发现:原告都是私营身份的企业和自然人;律师参与环保案件的比例偏低;被告大多是县级环保行政机关;案由主要是不服行政处罚案件;案件多发生在东部地区;被告败诉的判决文书占比接近20%,败诉率偏高;环保行政机关多在年中实施采样,执法频率不均衡;环保行政机关使用最为频繁的行政手段为罚款;受质疑最多行政手段依然是罚款;最为重要的争议点是是否遵守法定程序;不同省份之间实施罚款数额差异巨大;因违反法定程序而被人民法院撤销的案件占比高达73%;原告多因主张事实不成立而被人民法院判决驳回;人民法院对每一起案件都进行理由叙明;环评类、水污染类和大气污染类案件属于争议最多的环保行政案件。这些发现对于环境法行动者具有重要的制度意蕴,诸如强化县级环保行政机关对法定程序的遵循,注重对环评、水和大气污染领域的行政执法;促进代理律师对环保行政案件的参与;增强对社会公众环境科学知识的普及;提升环境问题制造者自觉遵守环境法律意识等。     

Looking through a policy window with tinted glasses: Setting the agenda for U.S. AI policy

The policy agenda is currently being established for artificial intelligence (AI), a domain marked by complex and sweeping implications for economic transformation tempered by concerns about social and ethical risks. This article reviews the United States national AI policy strategy through extensive qualitative and quantitative content analysis of 63 strategic AI policy documents curated by the federal government between 2016 and 2020. Drawing on a prominent theory of agenda setting, the Multiple Streams Framework, and in light of competing paradigms of technology policy, this article reviews how the U.S. government understands the key policy problems, solutions, and issue frames associated with AI. Findings indicate minimal attention to focusing events or problem indicators emphasizing social and ethical concerns, as opposed to economic and geopolitical ones. Further, broad statements noting ethical dimensions of AI often fail to translate into specific policy solutions, which may be explained by a lack of technical feasibility or value acceptability of ethics-related policy solutions, along with institutional constraints for agencies in specific policy sectors. Finally, despite widespread calls for increased public participation, proposed solutions remain expert dominated. Overall, while the emerging U.S. AI policy agenda reflects a striking level of attention to ethics—a promising development for policy stakeholders invested in AI ethics and more socially oriented approaches to technology governance—this success is only partial and is ultimately layered into a traditional strategic approach to innovation policy.     

Appropriating Nature in Crisis-ridden Greece: Deepening Neoliberal Capitalism,Part 2

This is the second paper in a two-paper series in which we present how the ongoing crisis in Greece has been used to accelerate the neoliberal restructuring of Greece with serious implications for the appropriation of nature. In this paper we focus specifically on particular aspects of the austerity programs that relate to natural resources and natural conditions. We examine changes to the business environment and ongoing privatization schemes to show how the Greek austerity programs benefited private capital with significant concessions of natural resources. By discussing relevant specific cases, we concretely show how austerity programs have had far-reaching adverse consequences for the living conditions of working people and their access to natural resources.     

Evidence‐Based Policy‐Making: The Elusive Search for Rational Public Administration

Evidence‐based policy making has been criticised as a revival of the ‘rationality project’ in which democratic politics is regarded as rent‐seeking and a deadweight loss to society. In response, the evidence‐based policy movement has failed to articulate a defence in which the rationality animating the policy process is situational and contextual rather than unique and authoritative. This article traces the movement's motto –‘what works?’– to the American pragmatist movement, whose influence on Harold Lasswell and New Labour in the UK was substantial. This article argues that the ambition for evidence‐based policy‐making should be seen in terms of the transition from a single, unique and universal rationality toward multiple rationalities that vary according to different policy making contexts. Interpreted in such terms, evidence‐based policy making can avoid several of the main criticisms, and offer strong potential to contribute to solving policy problems.     

股份制理论新探

马克思的股份制思想,是人类的宝贵财富和我们建立市场经济的理论基础.现代市场经济的确立和发展,给了我们丰富、发展马克思股份制思想的空间.现代市场经济不仅赋予了股份制更丰富和宽泛的内涵,也使得股份制呈现多元化混合所有制的特性.同时,股份制的产权结构和治理结构,也随着市场经济的完善和深入出现了新的变化趋势.     

Physical and emotional sibling violence and policy: An examination of Fox-Harding's child care value perspectives

Physical and emotional sibling violence has received minimal attention compared with other forms of familial violence. Policy related to addressing physical and emotional sibling violence is scant, whereas the occurrence of violence between siblings is rampant in many families. An overview of the knowledge base regarding this social problem is provided as a backdrop for understanding the current sociopolitical status of sibling violence. Understanding current policy and societal discourse related to addressing sibling violence is possible through Lorraine Fox-Harding's values perspective on childcare policy. The four value perspectives of laissez-faire and patriarchy, state paternalism and child protection, the modern defense of the birth family and parents' rights, and children's rights and child liberation allow insight into how sibling violence is currently viewed and the policy implications of those perspectives. Regardless of one's value perspective, actions around policy and family interventions for sibling violence is warranted. Alternatives to the current situation and consequences of not addressing violent behavior between siblings are discussed along with roles the government, parents, and children can take in addressing this oftentimes underrecognized social justice issue.