Relationship of Inclusive Leadership,Positive Emotion and Employees’ Performance

Inclusive leadership is confirmed to have a positive impact on the organization, employees’ task performance and innovation performance. However, it is very rare to discuss the two transmission mechanisms from the perspective of positive emotions. Based on organizational support theory, with questionnaire survey, through analyzing 255 sets paired data of leadership and staff and from the perspective of positive emotions, this study explores the impact mechanism of inclusive leadership on employees’ job performance. The results show: 1. Inclusive leadership has a positive impact on employees’ innovation performance and task performance; 2. Inclusive leadership has a positive impact on employees positive emotions; 3. Positive emotions have a positive impact on innovation performance and task performance; 4. Positive emotions play a partial mediating role between inclusive leadership, staff innovation performance and task performance.     

Social policy for inclusive development in Africa

The paper revisits the discourse on development in Africa, following in the footsteps of leading development thinkers and focusing on social policy. Some of the thinkers and scholars have specifically and directly discussed development discourse in Africa. Others have made insightful points regarding inclusive development in Africa even though not directly engaging with development discourse. The paper also acknowledges earlier thinking regarding development in Africa, including perspectives that deal with underdevelopment. The paper concerns itself with the critical role that social policy can play in ensuring inclusive development in Africa. The interface between economic and social policy is emphasised. Although Africa faces many intractable challenges, most of which are externally imposed, robust social policies will go a long way in bringing about effective social and economic development. In the main, though, Africa needs a comprehensive socio-economic development approach that can ensure lasting inclusive development. Social policies are critical for any development endeavour in African countries. Another main point that the paper makes is that economic transformation is not enough to fully advance wellbeing in Africa (and probably the world at large). By restructuring economies in Africa, not much would be achieved though some gains would be made.     

From neighbours to deadly enemies: excavating landscapes of territoriality and ethnic violence in Jos,Nigeria

Jos, a central Nigerian city engulfed by deadly violence in September 2001, offers a unique case study for exploring what happens when a modern metropolis lacks the institutional capacity to regulate its competing groups, and latent rivalries ignite into widespread, systematic brutality. Emerging from combined political and cultural dynamics radically different from those of better-known examples, such as Jerusalem and Belfast, Jos provides fresh insights into the roles of group concentration and conflict framing in engendering territoriality and violence in the city. As this paper shows, Jos’ colonial history in tin mining, waves of migration, and an urban policy of sociospatial differentiation have shaped and intersected with the contemporary politics of ethnicity to foster explosive relations between Christians and Muslims. Building on literature and primary data from interviews and discussions with surviving residents, the paper explicates how group geography and conflict became so entangled, leading to the so-called ‘Jos crisis’.     

Education for whom? Engineering multiculturalism and liberal peace in post-conflict Kosovo

ABSTRACT

This paper traces the changing relationship between the state and its education system at the intersection of diverging visions and agendas of local and international actors in post-war Kosovo in the period 1999–2014. Specifically, it explores why and how externally driven reforms that carry the ideals of an inclusive multi-ethnic polity clashed with domestic actors’ visions of education as a locus of national resistance and independent statehood. To critically inquire into the direction of education reforms in the post-war context, the empirical part of the analysis identifies critical historical junctures through which these competing ideas and relevant actors changed and/or gained traction. Accordingly, the paper focuses mainly on the post-war period, but also considers the pre-war period in order to highlight the predominant vision of local actors on the roles of education, its intertwinement with unfolding conflicts, and its central role in processes of state formation and nation-building, in particular in a post-war context. The analysis is based on genealogical historical narrative, textual analysis of key official documents related to the education sector in Kosovo, and semi-structured interviews conducted in Pristina in November 2013 and October 2016. The analysis demonstrates that the role of education in post-war Kosovo reflects tension between multicultural ideals promoted by international actors, on the one hand, and nationalist, often exclusive concerns of local actors embedded in an unfinished and contested process of state- and nation-building, on the other hand. The paper finds that by over-emphasizing equal collective rights, extensive autonomy for the different communities and ethnic-based decentralized governance, international actors have unwillingly contributed to further education separation along ethnic lines.     

Resilient Peace: Exploring the Theory and Practice of Resilience in Peacebuilding Interventions

ABSTRACT

This introduction provides a conceptual and theoretical background to the more detailed analyses contained in the articles of the Special Section. The introduction firstly presents a critical overview of the rise of resilience and its increasing role in shaping the terms of international interventions. It identifies a set of interrelated conceptual themes relevant to theorising the relationship between resilience and peacebuilding and evaluates how appropriate a resilience approach might be in promoting sustainable peace and what might be its main dangers and pitfalls.     

When aid builds states: party dominance and the effects of foreign aid on tax collection after civil war

ABSTRACT

Does foreign aid strengthen or weaken post-conflict states? We examine the effects of aid on tax collection after civil war, an important dimension of state effectiveness. While the literature emphasizes aid’s perverse effects, the relationship between aid dependence and the growth of tax collection is unclear. We argue that the impact of aid reflects its political utility for ruling elites in consolidating their authority after civil war. While dominant parties subvert tax strengthening reforms to solidify their political base, elites in more fractionalized settings rely on external political backing to manage internal challenges to their authority, and are more likely to comply with donor conditions. We test this argument through a Latent Curve Analysis of tax collection rate growth in post-civil war countries from 1978 to 2012. We find that aid is associated with slower growth in tax collection in dominant party settings, and more rapid tax growth in politically fractionalized settings. The findings highlight the need for attention to internal political dynamics to explain aid effectiveness after civil war, and point to opportunities to strengthen institutions in some post-conflict countries.     

Between Resistance and Compliance: Non-participation and the Liberal Peace

Abstract

This work is interested in the concept of non-participation in relation to international peace–support interventions. While the concept of participation has received significant attention, non-participation is under-conceptualized. A typology of non-participation is advanced, differentiating between voluntary and involuntary types of non-participation. It is argued that there is an overhasty tendency by many observers to subjectify inhabitants in post-war settings into the categories of resistance and compliance. This article rejects such a binary as too crude, and argues that non-participation needs to be examined in its own right, not automatically in relation to wider projects of liberal peacemaking or of resistance to that form of peacemaking.     

论道家伦理精神与和谐交往

在道家伦理文化中,"道"在本体与普遍法则的意义上统摄着自然、社会与人生。道的本性就是自然,无知无欲、自然无为,在处理交往关系时,就能够游刃有余,实现从容的"无不为"。道家伦理主张,人应该像水一样守柔处弱、谦退不争,展现一种对待他人的宽容、包容胸怀;世人应该贵生养生,贵重生命,不可为名利、财物所累,这有益于从源头上保持人内心的澄明,找到克服人与人之间相互异化的途径,达到交往的和谐状态。     

The Limits of Formal Metrics during Conflict and Post-conflict Transition: Exploring Opportunities for Qualitative Assessment in Sri Lanka

Peacebuilding as an approach to assisting states in the transition from war to peace has been around since the mid-1990s, and has become a policy approach for most multi- and bilateral donors. Evidence that it is an effective approach to prevent the return of violent conflict is still lacking. This article explores the many difficulties of evaluating peacebuilding programmes, and furthers the position that formal metric indicators are not suited to war-torn contexts. Using the case of Sri Lanka, it highlights the risks of using development reporting as a proxy measurement of peacebuilding and explores the possibility of more locally derived qualitative methods of evaluation.     

推进包容性发展是实现“中国梦”的必经之路

包容性发展是指让每一人类个体都能平等地享受发展带来的积极成果,是一种和谐、稳定的经济发展模式,是社会转型时期避开发展瓶颈的有效途径。当前我国社会主义现代化建设面临着许多复杂的社会矛盾和问题,利用包容性发展可以使我国走出发展困境,越过＂中等收入陷阱＂。对我国现阶段推进包容性发展的实际意义和面临的发展困境作出分析,并提出相应对策,是实现我国平稳、和谐发展的必要手段。着力解决好当前我国面临的发展问题是重中之重,利用理论指导实践,全面推进包容性发展,是实现＂中国梦＂的有效途径。