犯罪学本土发展的历史考察

从世界各国犯罪学以及中国犯罪学的本土发展情况进行历史考察，犯罪学本土发展的所呈现的总体规律性为：犯罪学与各国或地区的犯罪态势、犯罪治理的社会需要等方面有着密切的关系，从一定的意义上讲，现实的需求直接推动着各国或地区的犯罪学的本土发展；与其社会思潮、亲缘关系学科的发达程度甚至其学术传统有密切的关系；与犯罪学的专业化程度、学科的独立价值等方面有着很大的关联性。     

通过程序弥合知识的鸿沟——论科学证据对刑事审判的挑战及应对

由于裁判者所具备的知识基本属于常识范畴，而对科学证据的审判断则需要专业技术知识，这正是科学证据能够不断对刑事审判提出挑战的内在原因。两大法系应对挑战的共同途径即是以保障裁判的正当性为基本目标，通过程序的完善来弥合知识的鸿沟。我国刑事诉讼程序中存在的诸多弊端，已严重影响到全国大人常委会《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》的贯彻和执行。因此，应以保障刑事审判的正当性为目标，改革相关程序，完善我国的刑事鉴定制度。     

概括故意研究

概括故意是指行为人对于认识的具体内容并不明确，但明知自己的行为会发生危害社会的结果，而希望或者放任结果发生的心理态度。根据行为人认识的具体内容的不同，概括故意可以分为对行为认识不明确的概括故意、对行为对象认识不明确的概括故意以及对危害结果认识不明确的概括故意三种。对于概括故意的犯罪，应该考察行为人的客观行为及其结果，在概括故意的范围内按照主客观统一的原则予以认定。     

法律发展与法律知识化

法律发展首先必须面对合法化与价值诉求问题，而这一切又无不与作为基础的法律主体的知识立场密切相关。如何谋求“法律知识化”、话语合法化以及法律主体的价值立场的有效运作，是法律文明、有效发展的必要途径，也是法律发展话语摒弃规则主义弊端制约而建构自我所不可回避的挑战。从西方国家的经验看，现代法治的确立与以理性化为核心的法律知识化过程密不可分，法律知识化由知识对法律的关系提升、扩展为一种法律观，再由一种法律观落实为一种价值观、方法论，并由此引导法律主体追求和建设一种新的法律文明。更为重要的是，“法律知识化”使法治成为近代法律发展的本质性，把知识化原则导入法律发展领域，从而实现了法律发展的革命性变革。     

Building informal knowledge‐sharing relationships between policy makers and academics: Insights from a PM&C engagement project

This article outlines an innovative project to encourage knowledge sharing and engagement between academics and a policy team within the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C). The project was designed to enhance policy advice by drawing on a group of academics outside the policy ranks to act as a sounding board, to question, and provide differing perspectives within the policy process of crafting advice to government. External expertise and particularly academic research has the potential to improve evidence‐based policy but often fails to be specific or timely for those at the “pointy end” of policy decision making. An informal knowledge sharing framework has the potential to improve the exchange of information through confidential and targeted conversations between researchers and public servants as one way of overcoming these barriers.     

中西文明互鉴中的三种知识汇通模式

明末清初耶稣会士来华所引发的知识汇通,是中西文明互鉴的客观需求和重要表现。中西文化交流过程中形成了三种知识汇通模式:“中学为本”“西学为本”和“中西学并举”。它们分别以“西学东源”“中学西源”和“中西学异源”学说为理论依据,在不同历史时期都曾发挥了主流作用。在中西文化交流频繁的当下,如何将中西知识实现恰如其分的对接,仍是一个十分现实的问题。明末清初以来形成的三种中西知识汇通模式或可提供一些借鉴。     

论民族地区传统知识的积极性保护机制

民族地区传统知识丰富,随着民族文化产业的兴起,急需采取积极性保护机制。积极性保护机制,是指建立类似TRIPS的传统知识保护机制,授予传统知识所有者知识产权,如专利或其他类似权利,保护的核心是授予独占权,其目的是在现有制度资源条件下尽量实现传统知识的资源权益。民族地区传统知识的积极性保护机制主要包括:地方专门法制度、传统知识数据库权、补偿性责任制度等三个层面。     

Bridging the gap: online materials to equip graduate entrants to a law degree with essential subject knowledge and skills

Graduate entrants to law degrees can be disadvantaged by being exempted from Level 4 modules. Many lack the law-specific knowledge and skills that they would have gained from their first-year studies, making it more difficult for them to achieve mastery of higher-level modules. This poses risks to their retention and progression. The Open University Law School sought to bridge this gap by providing optional online “catch-up” materials, including 12 sessions of knowledge-based learning. Each session was followed by a brief Moodle poll so that we could ascertain that session’s fitness for purpose, and which students had studied it. The sessions were highly rated by respondents, and most had been studied in the target time of around 15 minutes. Studying the sessions was statistically associated with academic success. This finding does not prove that the sessions contribute towards student's attaining higher grades, but it is encouraging. Only a small percentage of students studied any sessions, and most of those did not study all of them. Since the sessions met their intended purpose for those who studied them, the Law School has now decided on a range of initiatives designed to increase the number of LLB students who study most of them.     

知识的测度及其经济学意义

知识经济对西方经济学的研究方法和研究对象形成了革命性冲击,知识的直接测度是不可能的,它作为变量不符合数学分析方法的要求,不可能运用数学方法把知识纳入生产函数中,知识直接测度的不可能性意味着知识不是和资本与劳动力相独立的变量。知识经济要求对西方经济学的研究方法和研究对象实行根本性转变,进行全新的研究和探索。     

企业知识型员工离职与管理初探

知识型员工离职既有个人的因素,如较为自我的个性特征、强烈的成就动机、较少的社会阅历等,又有企业的因素,如企业性质与规模、工作压力与内容、员：亡培训与工作氛围等。通过关心和授权知识型员工并培养知识型员工的责任意识等措施,加强对知识型员工的人文管理,减少知识型员工的离职率。另一方面,通过建立人才信息库、人才梯队建设、离职面谈、合同约束等措施,减少知识型员工离职给企业带来的消极影响。