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91.
This article tries to explore the factors affecting women's participation in indigenous conflict resolution among the Issa and Gurgura clans of Somali ethnic group. It also tries to explore the system of conflict resolution among the Issa and Gurgura clans and women's representation in the system. It assesses the role of women in the formation of social capital through marriage and blood relations between the different clans. Women are the primary agent in the formation of social capital between clans or ethnic groups. The paper focuses on some of the important elements of the socio-cultural settings of the study community that are in one way or another related to conflict and indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms. It also examines the positive aspects of marriage practices in the formation of social capital which strengthens friendship and unity instead of enmity. 相似文献
92.
Margarita Valencia Pavón M.A. Andrea Cucina Ph.D. Vera Tiesler Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(2):473-477
Abstract: This study develops new histomorphological algorithms for Maya populations’ human ribs and tests the applicability of published algorithms. Thin sections from the fourth rib of 36 individuals of known age were analyzed under polarized light microscopy. Osteon population density (OPD, the concentration of intact and fragmented osteons per mm2), cortical area (CA), and osteon size (OS) were recorded. Seven algorithms were calculated, using all combinations of variables, and compared to the performance of published formulas. The OPD‐based formulas deviate from the known age 8.7 years on average, while those from OS and CA deviate between 10.7 and 12.8 years. In comparison, our OPD‐based algorithms perform better than the one by Stout and Paine and much better than Cho et al. In conclusion, algorithms should be developed using OPD for different ethnic groups; although Stout and Paine’s can be used for Maya and maybe Mesoamerican individuals. 相似文献
93.
Aboriginal youth with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are overrepresented in the justice system. FASD results from prenatal alcohol exposure, and may lead to cognitive, social and behavioural difficulties that increase susceptibility to contact with the justice system. This paper explores the potential contribution of restorative justice in creating diversionary options for Aboriginal youth with FASD, and related cognitive impairments, to prevent enmeshment in the justice system. The lesson from work in Australia and New Zealand is that restorative justice and Indigenous justice are different, but not irreconcilable, projects. We suggest that there is the potential for creating rich intercultural engagement spaces ‘in between’ restorative practices and Indigenous processes: provided that restorative justice – as an essentially Eurocentric paradigm of the Global North – does not attempt to colonise Indigenous justice. An appropriate model would have Aboriginal people engaged in the planning and management of diversionary options, with greater focus on diversion into place-based, Aboriginal owned and managed services. Restorative justice needs to engage with the historical demands of Indigenous peoples for their land and their way of life; though constantly imperilled by forces of neo-liberalism and colonialism, Indigenous peoples remain resilient and provide a vision of an alternative to Euro-modernity. 相似文献
94.
We test the robustness of correlations between age structure and economic growth in EU15 countries by replicating a previous
OECD study. A hump-shaped relation with the age structure is confirmed where increases in the dependent age group shares are
associated with decreasing GDP growth rates. In addition we confirm that the peak of the hump is in the upper part of the
working age population. Models estimated on data up to 1990 agree quite well when data for 15 more years are added. Sensitivity
tests, instrumented regressions and addition of control variables do not change this conclusion. Thus, the age profile of
correlations between age and economic growth is robust over time. This motivates a prospective analysis of future effects
ageing will have on EU growth. The basic conclusion from this exercise is that ageing will be accompanied by stagnation in
GDP growth, but at rather different time horizons.
相似文献
Thomas LindhEmail: |
95.
John S. Goldkamp 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2008,4(2):83-115
As the use of field experiments in criminology increases, discussions have focused on methods for achieving randomization,
correcting for flawed randomization, increasing power and addressing treatment implementation problems in the interventions
under study. This paper explores what may be a fairly common and basic challenge for field experimentation: the problem of
attrition before random assignment in the targeted population—when an experiment may be well conducted, except that it ‘misses
the target’ for a variety of possible reasons and produces experimental results that may be of questionable validity. To illustrate
this basic, but seldom discussed, phenomenon, this paper draws on the examples of 13 field experiments by the author and colleagues
as a body of case studies to assess the nature and magnitude of pre-assignment attrition and its possible implications for
experimental findings.
John S. Goldkamp is a Professor and Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice at Temple University. His recent research has focused on judicial discretion, problem-solving courts, pretrial release decisionmaking, and the challenges of field experiments in criminology. One particular interest, the adverse consequences of targeted law enforcement strategies, is explored in an article with E. Rely Vilcica, Targeted Enforcement and Adverse System Side Effects: the Generation of Fugitives in Philadelphia, appearing in the May, 2008 issue of Criminology. 相似文献
John S. GoldkampEmail: |
John S. Goldkamp is a Professor and Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice at Temple University. His recent research has focused on judicial discretion, problem-solving courts, pretrial release decisionmaking, and the challenges of field experiments in criminology. One particular interest, the adverse consequences of targeted law enforcement strategies, is explored in an article with E. Rely Vilcica, Targeted Enforcement and Adverse System Side Effects: the Generation of Fugitives in Philadelphia, appearing in the May, 2008 issue of Criminology. 相似文献
96.
Naohiro Nakamura 《Japan Forum》2019,31(3):358-377
AbstractThis article addresses the controversies surrounding the repatriation of Ainu human remains ‘unethically’ collected by Japanese researchers and stored in university institutions throughout the twentieth century. Some 1653 Ainu remains are held at Japanese universities, and Ainu rights advocates have demanded the return of these remains to their lineal descendants. In 2009, the Japanese government proposed to transfer all unidentified Ainu remains from universities to a memorial hall to be built in Shiraoi, Hokkaido, by 2020. This plan was met by disdain by Ainu advocates for two reasons. First: there was concern that Japanese academics would continue to do research on the remains. Second: the Ainu wished for the remains to be laid to rest in the burial grounds they were originally excavated from. This article discusses the repatriation policies initiated by the Japanese national government, how Ainu representatives have responded, and the ethical debate that surrounds the use of the Ainu remains for research. The article closes by looking at how the conciliation agreement in the legal case by Ainu plaintiffs against Hokkaido University in 2012 for the return of Ainu remains opened up possibilities for community members to petition for the return of ancestral remains for reinternment. 相似文献
97.
As voluntary third‐party certification systems become an increasingly accepted part of international frameworks for forest governance, some state forestry agencies are following the private sector in seeking certification of their forest management activities. We ask how the roles and responsibilities of state forest management agencies interact with the processes and mechanisms established by certification systems. To answer this question, we review existing research to propose a conceptual framework composed of eight issues of particular relevance to states: regulation, transnationalism, sovereignty disputes, partnerships and competition, mainstreaming, effectiveness, equity, and legitimacy and trust. We then use this framework to analyze experience in Quebec, Canada, where the state agency initially sought certification and then abandoned this plan after facing difficulties meeting the requirements pertaining to indigenous rights. Our framework helps to understand possible complementarities between state and non‐state systems, but also highlights challenges for reconciling state roles and responsibilities under certification. 相似文献
98.
Gerardo M. García Marleen Haboud Rosaleen Howard Antonia Manresa Julieta Zurita 《Bulletin of Latin American research》2020,39(Z1):39-46
This article discusses issues around the communication of preventive health messages related to COVID-19 to indigenous language-speaking communities in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Official communication is primarily in Spanish, and the many translation initiatives that have arisen do not always succeed in getting the message across due to the lack of cultural interpretation that needs to accompany the linguistic message. This situation compounds the vulnerability of indigenous peoples in the face of the crisis. 相似文献
99.
100.
Tsegaye Moreda 《Third world quarterly》2017,38(3):698-716
The convergence of diverse global factors – food price volatility, the increased demand for biofuels and feeds, climate change and the financialisation of commodity markets – has resulted in renewed interest in land resources, leading to a rapid expansion in the scope and scale of (trans)national acquisition of arable land across many developing countries. Much of this land is on peripheral indigenous peoples’ territories and considered a common property resource. Those most threatened are poor rural people with customary tenure systems – including indigenous ethnic minority groups, pastoralists and peasants – who need land most. In Ethiopia large areas have been leased to foreign and domestic capital for large-scale production of food and agrofuels, mainly in lowland regions where the state has historically had limited control. Much of the land offered is classified by the state and other elites as ‘unused’ or ‘underutilised’, overlooking the spatially extensive use of land in shifting cultivation and pastoralism. This threatens the land rights and livelihoods of ethnic minority indigenous communities in these lowlands. This article argues that recent large-scale land acquisitions are part of state strategy for enforcing political authority over territory and people. It examines the implications of such strategy for indigenous ethnic minority groups, focusing particularly on the Benishangul-Gumuz region. 相似文献