从联锁社群到社会网络：走向民间交流的两岸关系理论

民间交流日渐成为两岸交流的重心,与此相应,两岸关系理论需要从＂国家中心＂走向＂社会中心＂。但是既有的＂联锁社群＂理论在解释两岸民间交流时仍存在诸多缺陷,特别是对＂关系＂本身的忽视;而＂关系网＂恰恰是两岸民间交流的主要媒介,是＂两岸社会＂的基本组织模式。其中,强关系传递了情感、信任和影响力,弱关系传递了信息。社会网络比身份认同对两岸民间行动者具有更大的影响力。     

国家的视角与被贬低的社区:村改居社区治理的新问题

村改居社区研究倾向于认为,村改居社区是一种必将转变为所谓城市社区的过渡型社区。这种对“过渡性”的强调实则基于农村与城市、传统和现代、落后和进步等一系列二元论和线性进化论思维,将村改居社区视为从乡村转型为城市的暂时状态,倾向于贬低乡村传统生活方式及其文化,进而关注如何促成从村民到城市市民生活方式和文化的转变。在具体社区管理和建设中,简单化视角进一步使得社区管理者缺乏对居民日常生活复杂性的认识和同情,忽视地方性文化与集体记忆的重要价值。村改居社区的治理应该超越“乡村-城市”的二元论和进化论,基于结构两重性视角思考如何使传统文化与社会资本成为促进社区转型的可动员资源,而非结构性约束,进而尝试培育具有地方性的新型城市社区文化。     

城中村社区建设的路径选择

城中村社区是我国城市化进程中的产物,建设好城中村社区是提高我国城市化水平、促进社会和谐发展的客观要求。当前,在城中村社区建设中存在体制冲突、模式冲突、利益冲突、文化冲突等各种冲突,应坚持系统化原则、适合国情民情原则及借鉴创新原则积极建设城中村社区,以户籍管理制度改革为突破口实现体制一元化;积极建构政府指导下的社区自治模式;改革集体经济产权和发展社区经济,破解利益冲突;促进城中村社区文化融合。     

Labour and Epistemic Communities: The Case of 'Managed Migration' in the UK

How do new ideas flow through networks to reframe policy questions, and what role is played by the growing world of think tanks and policy experts? This article takes the remarkable shift in UK labour migration policy since 2000 and demonstrates how policy was redesigned by networks of actors working between and within the worlds of think tanks and government, including the Prime Minister's Policy and Innovation Unit (PIU), the Treasury, the Home Office and the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR). The article shows how different kinds of ideas and knowledge flowed through different actors and networks to influence the reframing of policy, using the epistemic communities hypothesis (ECH) as a theoretical framework for the analysis.     

Coastal Tourism in a Context of Neoliberal Development: Social Change in Mancora,Peru

The case of Mancora, Northern Peru, illustrates a process of neoliberalisation through which conceptions of place, local identities and the recent history of the place have been reformulated due to the rapid expansion of global tourism. In this former fishing village, tourism development altered local conceptions of place, allowing the emergence of contrasting projects for converting it into a beach resort. This process brought about a context governed by land conflicts and tension between local authorities, where local inhabitants reshaped their identities and the recent history of the place in order to gain or maintain ownership over valuable natural resources.     

Community and Families

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present the social organization, social networks and interactive processes supporting family systems living in communities with marginal economies, in disadvantaged neighbourhoods (barrios) in Caracas, Venezuela. Twelve families inserted in four different communities were observed by four researchers, taking thirty-six ethnographic records of the families' daily life activities, as well as the interaction patterns between family members, and between the family system and the community and social organizations. Some characteristics of the organization, structure, and functioning of the underprivileged family systems as well as their interrelations to the community and to the educational and social institutions are shown. It is concluded that the analysis of these interactive patterns permits the researcher to explore the complexity of family life in poverty stricken communities, its culture and process of change.     

故意杀人行为的类型化考量

故意杀人行为的定罪量刑是一个十分复杂的工程，而我国刑法却只予以了简单的规定，致使实践中出现同案不同判或本应以故意杀人罪评价的行为却在其他罪中评价，主要原因之一是缺乏“类型化”的方法论指导。在我国对故意杀人行为进行类型化，有其历史基础和国外经验的借鉴；并且有其现实意义，即有利于我国故意杀人罪量刑基准的确定，有利于从立法上消减死刑条款，有利于处理《刑法》第17条第2款在司法实践中的问题，有利于弥补对行为评价的不足。     

社会治安系统工程的一种模式:安全文明小区

安全文明小区在综合治理社区治安过程中的积极意义早已是不争的事实。然而，安全文明小区的运行机制却有持提炼。在本文中，笔者试图探求一种将社会治安系统工程引入安全文明小区中去的思路。     

“Yours for Socialism”: Communist Cultural Discourse in Early Apartheid South Africa

This paper explores the diversity of cultural debates which constellated around the Communist Party in South Africa in the late segregationist and early apartheid periods. It traces the textual remains of an itinerant public debate––dispersed in periodical reviews, magazine articles, journalistic tit-bits and other ephemeral public sphere activities such as debating societies, theater groups and discussion clubs––with a view to complicating and expanding the South African literary-cultural archive. Of particular importance are the practices and protocols of reading, cultural critique and interpretation that characterized the intellectual-political field––or public sphere––which we name the Communist Party. In this way, a fragmented cultural discussion is provisionally reconstituted or “invented” as an important South African tradition and reclaimed as a significant intellectual inheritance. The project thus bears on broader question of reading the past and attempts to negotiate an historical split between uncritical nostalgia and the will to transcend.     

The influence of sample type,presentation format and strength of evidence on juror simulation research

Abstract

Recent research has indicated that treatment of psychopaths in therapeutic communities is problematic in terms of high rates of attrition, low levels of motivation and increased reconviction. However, there has been little previous research investigating in detail how the behavioural diffculties posed by psychopaths in therapeutic community settings could be systematically monitored is order to assess change. This paper reports on the development of a checkilst completed by prison officers designed to measure behaviours association with a poor adjustment to a prison based therapeutic community. Behaviour checklist accores showed statistically significant correlations with the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R, Hare 1991), patticularly with Factor 1 scores measuring intarpersonal aspects of psychopathy. The potential for developing this method as a type of dynamic assessment for psychopaths undertaking treatmant is discussed.