Reconsidering the unemployment and crime relationship: Variation by age group and historical period

Although considerable research has examined the direct effects of age and economic conditions on crime, relatively little work has investigated the joint influence that age and unemployment may have on rates of criminal behavior. This study extends prior research on the unemployment-crime relationship by testing simultaneously for (1) variation in the unemployment-crime relationship by age group and (2) variation in the unemployment-crime relationship over time. Age-specific arrest and unemployment time-series data for the United States from 1958 to 1995 are used to test these hypotheses. The two main findings indicate that (1) unemployment has a greater motivational effect on property crime among youth and young adults and (2) the unemployment-crime relationship varies over time, but in a way that appears to be more random than systematic. The implications for future research are discussed.     

转型时期高校管理者的素质和能力

转型时期的高等教育 ,出现了新的机遇和发展空间 ,同时也相伴而来许多挑战和困难。要用科学的态度和方法来圆满地解决过去从未出现过的新的困难和问题 ,需要当代高校管理者有强烈的使命感 ,有充分的心理准备 ,有对事物的敏感性和前瞻性 ,有创造力和承受力 ,有奉献精神和团队精神。只有具备了以上基础素质 ,才能迎接新的挑战 ,并利用机遇来发展全新的、开放的高等教育事业。     

21世纪高校德育发展展望

高校德育重在建设。应培养人才、善用人才、重用人才,调动广大德育工作者的积极性,建设好一支坚强的富有创造力、生命力的德育队伍。德育工作要取得卓有成效的实绩,德育理论要完善繁荣,德育方法要创新,整个德育建设要有大发展,都要求我们必须培养和使用人才,把这项工作真正落到实处。只有这样高校德育才能出成果,出精品,才能有新发现、新创造,可以说这是高校德育重在建设的一项最基本最要紧的建设。     

新时期农民政治参与问题探析

新时期的农村改革与农民地位变化的现实,无论在社会结构方面,还是在文化价值上,都对农民与政治的关系产生深刻影响。农民的政治参与正随着政府职能变化、农民自组织发展等一系列因素的变化而发生变化。正视现实存在的问题,健全农村自治体系和组织体系,疏通农民的政治参与渠道,提高农民的思想文化素质,是中国现代化的必然要求和发展趋势。     

诉讼时效：保护还是限制

诉讼时效作为一种督促债权人积极行使权利的法律制度,是一个从实践到理论都引人关注的问题。在我国当前的法治水平条件下,除当事人可主张诉讼时效利益外,法庭在审判活动中亦可主动援用诉讼时效作为裁判依据;同时,诉讼时效的中止、中断与当事人对已过诉讼时效的债务的重新确认是完全不同的事情,应予严格区别。     

论WTO后过渡期中国企业的反倾销法律对策

WTO后过渡期是一个具有特别含义的法律概念.WTO后过渡期中国的外贸出口面临着三大制度性障碍,在此期间引起贸易摩擦是历史的必然,中国开始成为后过渡期贸易争端的最大受害国.后过渡期的中国企业必须树立新的营销理念和机制,充分利用WTO规则应对欧美的贸易反倾销,并在反倾销道路上学会博弈;国家要抓紧修订和完善适应WTO规则需要的法律规范.     

论担保物权的实行期间

担保物权虽无适用于自身的诉讼时效,但在主债权诉讼时效完成时,无论由第三人或者债务人本人提供的担保物权,也不论是不移转占有或者移转占有的担保物权,都将因主债权时效完成而消灭。为了保护物上保证人以及担保物上的后顺序担保物权人与一般债权人,担保人可以和债权人约定担保物权期间,在主债权诉讼时效完成前,担保物权可因期间届满而消灭。     

我国举证时效制度之检讨

举证时效制度乃指民事诉讼当事人的举证行为须在规定之期限内完成,若当事人怠于举证将会受到证据失权或费用制裁之惩罚的一项证据规则。其制裁方式主要有二：证据失权与费用制裁,若当事人因故意或重大过失导致举证逾期其可能承担证据失权之后果;若当事人因轻微过失导致逾期,需承担费用之不利益。周全的审前准备程序和答辩失权规则是其存在的基础,完善审前程序与建立答辩失权制度是我国举证时效制度充分发挥效用的保证。     

From Mare Nostrum to Insula Nostra: British Colonial Cyprus and the Italian Imperial Threat

As part of its growing imperial aspirations that were part of the so-called Mare Nostrum attempt, the Italian Empire sought to build up nationalist propaganda on Cyprus. The irredentist activities and propaganda coordinated by the Italian Embassy in Cyprus alarmed the British governors and the Foreign Office. By drawing upon archival documents, this article analyses the evolution of the strategic importance of Cyprus for the British Empire, which began in response to the perceived threat posed by the Italian Empire during the interwar period. The main argument put forward here is that under these new circumstances Cyprus became a significant geostrategic possession for the British Empire. The Italian Empire, having colonised the Dodecanese islands of the Aegean Sea, was gradually making its presence felt in Cyprus in the 1920s and went on to do so more vigorously in the 1930s. The Italian ambassador was perceived as persona non grata by the British government in Cyprus. It was therefore difficult for the British Empire under the actual, or at least the perceived, threat of Italian influence to permit Cypriots to exercise their right of self-determination.     

江户时代武士阶层身份认同感的灌输——从仪式到教育

江户时代是日本历史上身份等级制度极为森严的时代,武士阶层与其他阶层被有意识地加以区分。然而,阶层认同感并非与生俱来的,为了培养与强化武家子女的阶层意识,江户幕府利用幼年时期的"成长仪式"和少年时期的"教育",无孔不入地展开灌输阶层意识的洗脑工作。武士阶层是江户幕府统治的基础,统治者凭借高明的手段,培养出了大批有着根深蒂固身份意识、自觉维护统治秩序的武士,使得日本在其统治下迎来了二百余年的和平稳定。