第三人利益的保护——善意取得还是无因性原则

我国正在制定的《物权法》,在第三人利益保护的问题上 ,存在着适用善意取得制度或物权无因性原则两种观点的争论。本文认为 ,善意取得制度更能体现法的正义性 ,也更切合我国的国情 ,所以应是我国立法的选择。但善意取得制度应吸取无因性原则的优点 ,对善意的认定应采用客观推定的办法。本文同时提出了其他方面完善的措施。     

三大语系佛教的比较

三大语系(汉语、藏语、巴利语)佛教皆源于印度佛教而各有分异,不但教义、教律、佛理上有差别,更重要的是形成的社会基础和文化背景不同,文化风貌迥异。     

论取得时效制度

取得时效制度是一项非常重要的法律制度。我国在市场经济条件下有必要建立取得时效制度。它具有确定财产归属、定分止争的功能;具有维护社会秩序和交易的安全的功能;具有解决土地纠纷等疑难案件的取证和判决的功能。     

人性化立法与立法语言的优化

人性化立法涉及立法工作中的民本思想。自改革开放以来,我国社会主义法制逐步完善,但立法中存在一些缺陷:1.重义务规定而忽视权利规定;2.重实体内容而轻视立法表达技术;3.立法表达不够完整;4.立法表述中的语病。如何做到人性化立法与立法语言优化?1.要以人为本,树立人性化立法的理念;2.要克服重实体内容、轻视立法表达技术的思维倾向;3.要重视对立法语言的研究;4.立法过程中要多听取法学家和语言学家的意见。     

塞尔言语行为理论探析

语言哲学是现代西方哲学的一个重要分支。美国当代哲学家塞尔的“言语行为理论”在英美分析哲学界有一定的影响。他强调从使用和交际的角度研究语言的意义,强调把语言当作人类行为的一部分进行研究,强调对语旨行为的结构、类型及其标准进行分析,从而打破了传统的静态研究语言的模式,为现代语言哲学的发展作出了一定的贡献。对其理论进行剖析,有助于我们对语言现象及其本质的理解。     

法律语言的模糊性及准确运用

根据传统的范畴理论,法律表达应符合准确性这一基本要求,故追求准确为立法语言和司法语言的目标之一。但是,由于对事物的界定模糊不清以及人类的认知能力有限,法律语言尤其是立法语言中常使用模糊词语,有助于增强语言表达的效率及保护当事人权利,但也会带来诸如过分扩大法官自由裁量权等不利后果。对于法律语言的模糊性,可借助内外部指导、司法判决以及相关语境而使之明确化,从而有效地限制法官的自由裁量权过分膨胀。     

The Public as a Limit to Technology Transfer: The Influence of Knowledge and Beliefs in Attitudes towards Biotechnology in the UK

Transferring knowledge on new biotechnology applications in the European Union is restricted by limited public support. Explanations for this limited support lead us to examine the influence of knowledge and beliefs in shifting attitudes towards the uncertain consequences of unknown technologies. In addition, this paper looks at the role of perceptions of uncertainty as well as information channels. We denote as “knowledgeable” those attitudes that are held by informed individuals and as “rational irrational” those attitudes purely reflecting political and moral beliefs. The empirical analysis employs data from a UK sample of the 1999 Eurobarometer Survey 52.1. Results suggest that improving knowledge systematically raises individual support for clinical biotech applications such as animal cloning, while attitudes towards market-oriented biotech such as GM food remain systematically unaltered. When controlling for knowledge, significant factors within information channels were gender, perceptions of risk and, in certain applications, religiosity. Findings also support the hypothesis that knowledge driven attitudes arise from those applications where knowledge is shifted by perceived experience and thus perceived information costs are small. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Social capital and knowledge acquisition in professional-client relationships

This paper examines the role of social capital in professional-client relationships. We consider exploring the effects of social capital on the creation of human capital, a subject which is worthwhile investigating within all professions. In this paper, we concentrate on what are known as the structural and attributive dimensions of social capital and aim to understand their effects on the knowledge acquisition of professional practitioners. We analyse the association between social capital and human capital (i.e., knowledge acquisition) in the context of the lawyer-client relationship. Through the application of social capital theory, this paper seeks to advance our knowledge of the relations between professionals and clients. More importantly, the study contributes to improving our understanding of the role of social capital in influencing a lawyer's ability to retain and win new clients.     

THE (DE)CONSTRUCTION OF CONFLICT IN DIVORCE LITIGATION: A DISCURSIVE CRITIQUE OF “PARENTAL ALIENATION SYNDROME” AND “THE ALIENATED CHILD”

In high‐conflict divorce litigation involving custody and access, mental‐health professionals are often used to assess the case and make recommendations. Using Foucauldian theories of discourse, this article suggests that these assessments, which are intended to resolve the conflict or offer profitable information, often participate in the conflict by constructing assessments and diagnoses that fit with legal discourse, and thus with the outcomes of adversarial‐styled rulings and ideologically driven interests. This article suggests that so long as such professionals are driven by the privileged discourse of law and psychology/psychiatry, the best interests of those at the center of the conflict can have their experience co‐opted by the iatrogenic features of these discourses.     

马来西亚槟城州华人青少年语码转换之社会表现研究

马来西亚槟城州当下华人青少年在语言态度上,从个体感性出发对华语较具认同感,并认同本籍贯方言较亲切及需要掌握,但方言传承意识不强;从个体及社会价值出发,相较国语更认同英语的作用。就其语码转换的社会表现分析,语言态度影响语码转换中主体语、嵌入语的选择;交谈对象因不同辈分特有的语言习惯、语言能力等背景,也影响到研究对象的语码转换特点;交谈场所的规格、正式度,及场所功能、交谈对象族裔,联合构成研究对象语码转换的影响因素;语言/方言的地位背景影响语码转换;交谈话题正式程度影响语码转换。社会应正视研究对象当下普遍的语码转换习惯,并从积极正面的角度加以引导。