贵州汉语中的若干侗台语底层词

贵州汉语中有一批词语在汉语古籍文献和其它汉语中都找不到相应的词语,但却在侗台语诸语言中可找到与其语义相当、语音相同或相近的词,说明它们来自侗台语,可以定之为“底层词”。贵州汉语中存在着侗台语底层语言的事实,对探索贵州汉语发展史和民族关系有重要价值;进行贵州汉语中侗台语底层词的研究,对保护侗台语这一濒临灭绝的、具有地方性的、民族性及古老文化特色的民族非物质文化遗产也有着十分重要的意义。     

三大语系佛教的比较

三大语系(汉语、藏语、巴利语)佛教皆源于印度佛教而各有分异,不但教义、教律、佛理上有差别,更重要的是形成的社会基础和文化背景不同,文化风貌迥异。     

The role of educational strategies in human development： An example of using key word method in teaching Arabic as a second language in Malaysia

This paper is an attempt to discover and recognize the important role of educational strategies in developing human capital in which they become positive agents of human society, such as academic achievement, intellectual abilities, interpersonal skills and also self-esteem. These will be measured using a survey instrument that classifies learning performance via test scores, to test the hypothesis that learning a language will lead to comparable positive self-development, but indirected language learning will affect academic achievement negatively. Therefore, key word methods in learning Arabic language will be used as directed Arabic language learning to measure the significant correlation to both academic and non-academic development of the learners in which the effectiveness of mnemonic strategy in vocabulary memorization is associated with the self-consciousness and personal psyches of the learners. Consequently, they appreciate the knowledge and values they gained from their learning activities, which help them to perform better than students who did not use this type of learning strategy in learning Arabic language. Teachers, on the other hand, would also able to observe the important impact of Arabic language learning on learners＇ academic performance and personality development. Therefore, education is simply a process of acquiring a new knowledge in creating an environment in which students and teachers learn something for themselves.     

中外法律语言研究侧重点的差异及启示

法律与语言的关系问题是法律语言学的研究范围。司法领域中的语言问题是法律语言学研究的核心问题。一般来讲,法律语言研究分为书面语和口语两个范畴。中外法律语言研究侧重点存在着较大不同。中国法律语言研究重书面语研究而轻法律口语研究,范围多局限于语言本身,很少涉及到语言学在司法领域中的应用等方面。国外法律语言研究对国内法律语言的未来研究与发展有重要的启示意义。     

起诉书犯罪事实之描述

尽管起诉书是一种格式化司法文书,但其事实部分很难有一定之规,在很大程度上依靠实践经验.通过对大量的起诉书进行深度解析,发现当前一些起诉书犯罪事实描述严重不当,可能影响罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪.存在的种种具体问题分为褒贬失当、主动和被动句式使用不当、指代不明、对四字结构重视不够、事实部分夹杂证据等五大类.最后从犯罪事实描述的角度出发,选择收购赃物罪和转化型抢劫罪两类,进行整体分析,以期为起诉书犯罪事实之描述提供一些有益经验.     

论取得时效制度

取得时效制度是一项非常重要的法律制度。我国在市场经济条件下有必要建立取得时效制度。它具有确定财产归属、定分止争的功能;具有维护社会秩序和交易的安全的功能;具有解决土地纠纷等疑难案件的取证和判决的功能。     

人性化立法与立法语言的优化

人性化立法涉及立法工作中的民本思想。自改革开放以来,我国社会主义法制逐步完善,但立法中存在一些缺陷:1.重义务规定而忽视权利规定;2.重实体内容而轻视立法表达技术;3.立法表达不够完整;4.立法表述中的语病。如何做到人性化立法与立法语言优化?1.要以人为本,树立人性化立法的理念;2.要克服重实体内容、轻视立法表达技术的思维倾向;3.要重视对立法语言的研究;4.立法过程中要多听取法学家和语言学家的意见。     

塞尔言语行为理论探析

语言哲学是现代西方哲学的一个重要分支。美国当代哲学家塞尔的“言语行为理论”在英美分析哲学界有一定的影响。他强调从使用和交际的角度研究语言的意义,强调把语言当作人类行为的一部分进行研究,强调对语旨行为的结构、类型及其标准进行分析,从而打破了传统的静态研究语言的模式,为现代语言哲学的发展作出了一定的贡献。对其理论进行剖析,有助于我们对语言现象及其本质的理解。     

刑事立法语言之技术特点

刑事立法语言具有立法语言的一般共性 ,要求准确、明确、通俗、简约、庄重及严谨。但刑事立法语言又具有自己的特殊性 ,其区别于其它立法语言的技术特点是 :第一 ,刑事立法语言突出表现罪刑关系 ;第二 ,刑事立法语言以明确性为主 ,兼顾弹力性 ;第三 ,刑法用语的专门性、专业性 ;最后 ,刑事立法语言中句式的特定性。     

Doing time: A qualitative study of long-term incarceration and the impact of mental illness

Once convicted, the perpetrator of serious crime embarks upon a new journey: the challenge of adjusting to long-term imprisonment. Prisoners' views of incarceration and the meaning of this experience may affect their later adjustment to life in the community. On the basis of brief narrative responses collected during an epidemiological survey of the psychological health of prisoners in France, this study examined the impact of incarceration on psychological state in a group of 59 inmates serving long sentences. Qualitative content analysis and computer-assisted linguistic analysis (using ALCESTE software) were performed on the textual data of open responses to three standard questions. Using a combination of these two approaches, seven categories of the subjective experience of prisoners in the sample were identified: the Outside World, Others, Punishment, Time, Affects and Impulses, Self-Concept, and Speech. Further qualitative analyses were then performed to compare the responses of Severely Mentally Ill (SMI) subjects and subjects with no psychiatric disorder. These analyses revealed contrasting attitudes towards incarceration. SMI subjects spoke in more hostile and persecutory terms about their experience in prison, attributing suffering to external circumstances, while subjects with no psychiatric disorder evoked similar themes, but with an introspective attitude. The themes evoked by mentally ill individuals in our sample suggest that their reactions to the prison environment arise in part from aspects of their psychiatric symptoms, and this may have relevance to future mental health policy and practices in criminal corrections.