基于语料库的立法语言语义研究

文章是以语料库为基础的对立法语言的初步研究。文章一方面从语义学的角度以立法实例区分模糊性、歧义性、多义性以及概括性等概念，另一方面从法学的角度探讨概括性、模糊性在立法中的价值。本研究表明立法语言中的模糊性、概括性是语言与法律现实相互作用的结果，也是法律多元化的内在要求，为立法相对稳定性以及司法确定性提供了空间。     

从受话人心理看公安民警口语的运用

公安民警苦练基本功包括提高口语运用的能力。公安民警在接警、侦查取证、巡逻盘查,以及与劫匪谈判等各项警务工作中都要频繁地使用口语。由于公安行业的特殊性,公安民警口语也具有自己突出的特点、类型和特定的受话主体,因此,公安民警应根据受话人的心理,有针对性地采取相应的口语技巧,以提高执法水平。     

教学策略研究--教学语言

教学策略是现代教学论研究的新课题,教学语言是教学策略研究的重要方面。研究教学语言策略的意义关系课堂教学的质量等方面;教学语言策略的有不同分类;教学语言具有准确性、简洁性、逻辑性、启发性、丰富性、生动性、通俗性和循环性等多样性。     

骨骼个体识别系统的研究

骨骼个体识别系统的研究花锋，田雪梅，孙建军，沈旭昆ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＳｙｓｔｅｍＢａｓｅｄｏｆｔｈｅＩｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌＩｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｋｅｌｅｔｏｎ￥Ｈｕａｆｅｎｇ；Ｔｉａｎｘｖｅｍｅｉ；Ｓｕｎｊｉａｎｊｕｎ；（...     

语言与认知的互动:语言系统生态批评的理论基础

语言与认知处于互动的关系。一方面,语言符号的形义结合是有理据的,是人类认知的结果;另一方面,影响着人类的认知语言,对认知具有反作用。语言的认知性表明,语言势必反映了人类对现实的认知,包括对人类自身与自然之间、以及自然界内部诸要素之间关系的认知,即对生态问题的认知,从而使得对语言系统进行生态批评具有了理论上的可行性。而语言对认知的反作用则使得这一批评具有了存在的必要性。由此可见,语言与认知的互动为语言系统生态批评提供了坚实的理论基础。     

“无声语言”在讯问中的运用

无声语言比有声语言多而深刻.讯问中的无声语言是侦查员通过手势、眼神和面部表情等姿态向犯罪嫌疑人传递信息的媒介,它可以增强有声语言的感染力、威慑力,可以为审讯赢得时间和战机,在提高审讯效率中发挥极其重要的作用.     

Three-dimensional surface topography acquisition and analysis for firearm identification

In the last decade, computer-based systems for the comparison of microscopic firearms evidence have been the subject of considerable research work because of their expected capability of supporting the firearms examiner through the automated analysis of large amounts of evidence. The Integrated Ballistics Identification System, which is based on a two-dimensional representation of the specimen surface, has been widely adopted in forensic laboratories worldwide. More recently, some attempts to develop systems based on three-dimensional (3D) representations of the specimen surface have been made, both in the literature and as industrial products, such as BulletTRAX-3D, but fundamental limitations in achieving fully automated identification remain. This work analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of a 3D-based approach by proposing an approach and a prototype system for firearms evidence comparison that is based on the acquisition and analysis of the 3D surface topography of specimens, with particular reference to cartridge cases. The concept of 3D virtual comparison microscope is introduced, whose purpose is not to provide fully automated identification, but to show how the availability of 3D shape information can provide a whole new set of verification means, some of them being described and discussed in this work, specifically, visual enhancement tools and quantitative measurement of shape properties, for supporting, not replacing, the firearm examiner in reaching the final decision.     

Discriminating language rights and politics in the post-Yugoslav states

ABSTRACT

Pupavac examines the rise of linguistic human rights advocacy and its approach in a case study of language politics in the post-Yugoslav states. A core concern of contemporary linguistic rights advocacy has been to tackle ethnically based discrimination and promote ethnic diversity. It does not only seek to prevent states from discriminating against those who speak minority languages. It expects states to take positive steps to preserve their diversity of languages. However, strategies affirming distinct linguistic identities may become complicit in perpetuating ethnic discrimination and ethnic divisions, as is evident in the language politics of the post-Yugoslav states.     

Citizenship and capability? Amartya Sen's capabilities approach from a citizenship perspective

This article deals with the potential contribution of Amartya Sen's capabilities approach (CA) for studying citizenship. Although the CA cannot be described as a genuine citizenship theory it has informed recent attempts to reformulate social citizenship. Moreover, it shares important aims and assumptions with radical citizenship approaches, which emphasise democracy, voice, and difference. Especially, Sen's ideas can help formulate positive notions of equality. However, a fruitful dialogue between those perspectives has to lead over some controversial issues. In this context, this article suggests more substantive notions of agency and interaction as well as integrating rights and rights language.     

Articulating language oppression: colonialism,coloniality and the erasure of Tibet’s minority languages

ABSTRACT

Roche’s article discusses ‘language oppression’ as a form of domination that is coherent with other forms of oppression along the lines of ‘race’, nation, colour and ethnicity. Scholars have defined language oppression as the ‘enforcement of language loss by physical, mental, social and spiritual coercion’. It is part of an evolving suite of concepts from linguistics, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology that examines issues of language discrimination, or ‘linguicism’. Roche explores one aspect of linguicism—language erasure—and how it relates to language oppression, focusing on Tibetans in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). He examines how language oppression is produced through practices of erasure: the ways in which certain populations and their languages are systematically rendered discursively invisible. He argues that the erasure of certain languages in the Tibetan context is systematically reproduced by two otherwise opposed political projects: the colonial project of the PRC state; and the international Tibet movement that seeks to resist it. He refers to the contingent cooperation between these two opposed projects as ‘articulated oppression’. In concluding the article he examines how the disarticulation of this oppression is a necessary condition for the emancipation of Tibet’s minority languages, and discusses the broader significance of this study for understanding language oppression, and its relation to other forms of oppression.