金融刑法立法理念的宏观分析--为金融刑法改革进言

我国金融刑法的立法模式技术、构成设计技术、刑罚配置技术之背后分别是法典主义、事后主义、重刑主义立法理念,这些理念使我国金融刑法对国家本位的传统金融体系具有保护金融机构主义、保护管理秩序主义、片面刑事规制主义的适应性特征.历史变化正在发生,为适应和推动金融深化、金融创新与金融全球化的金融发展趋势,我们应该、也有条件更新金融刑法的上述立法理念,革新金融刑法的相应立法技术.     

中国保险立法体例研究

世界各国保险立法体例有分别立法与合并立法两种模式,分别立法体例为大陆法系国家保险立法体例之传统,但在分别立法的具体模式上又有德国式、日本式、意大利式三种.英美法国家保险立法体例不像大陆法国家那样,很明显地表现为两种立法体例.尽管如此,除判例外,合并或分立的保险立法体例在英美法中在一定范围内也是存在的.中国清末、北洋政府时期、国民政府时期的保险立法均采分别立法体例.1949年之后先采分别立法体例,后改为合并立法体例.合并立法与分别立法各有优劣,难以取舍,关键在于立法者是偏重于实用型,还是更青睐科学性.     

诉讼欺诈行为定性之探析

诉讼欺诈行为具有严重的社会危害性,但目前我国现行刑法对于诉讼欺诈行为的处罚力度不够,在司法实践中对同一行为处理结果差别悬殊。这主要是由于我国立法上对于该行为没有统一明确的规定,刑法理论上对该行为的定性问题争论颇大所致。对于诉讼欺诈行为,不宜按诈骗罪定罪处罚。对于诉讼欺诈犯罪过程中所实施的触犯现行刑法的行为,应依法定罪处罚,对于刑法没有规定的部分应按无罪处理。我国刑法应单独设立“诉讼欺诈罪”。     

试论国际航空承运人对旅客的赔偿制度及我国立法对策

1929年以来,世界各国在民用航空领域相继达成了一系列国际条约或协定,其中以1929年华沙公约为主轴,因此,这一系列条约所形成的国际航空承运人赔偿制度,被国际民航界称之为“华沙体系”。2003年正式生效的1999年蒙特利尔公约对“华沙体系”进行了修改,形成了新的国际承运人责任赔偿制度,我国应当与蒙特利尔公约接轨,进一步完善有关的国内立法。     

Legislative Bellwethers: The Role of Committee Membership in Parliamentary Debate

Political parties and legislators use legislative debates to establish their reputation, challenge rivals, and engage in coalition management, among many other tasks. Yet, existing theories on parliamentary debates have abstracted away from the need for information and expertise, which are costly to acquire. Drawing on the “informational” perspective on legislative organization, we address this problem by arguing that party leaders use committees as training arenas for their backbenchers. They task their assigned members with acquiring specific expertise and then rely heavily on those members during the corresponding debates. We turn to the Portuguese legislature, from 2000 to 2015, to discuss how saliency, government dynamics, and party size affect the use of experts. We test this theory using a novel approach to classify speeches that leverages the texts of legislation as training data for a supervised approach.     

Party Effects in State Legislative Committees

Legislative scholars have theorized about the role of committees and whether they are, or are not, tools of the majority party. We look to the states to gain more empirical leverage on this question, using a regression discontinuity approach and novel data from all state committees between 1996 and 2014. We estimate that majority‐party status produces an 8.5 percentage point bonus in committee seats and a substantial ideological shift in the direction of the majority party. Additionally, we leverage a surprisingly frequent, but as if random occurrence in state legislatures—tied chambers—to identify majority‐party effects, finding similar support for partisan committees. We also examine whether the extent of committee partisanship is conditional on party polarization or legislative professionalism, but we find that it is not. Our results demonstrate that parties create nonrepresentative committees across legislatures to pursue their outlying policy preferences.     

中国近代遗产税立法及司法实践研究

遗产税的征收具有悠久的历史,近代以来西方各国普遍实行遗产税。我国1927年南京国民政府成立后,在孙中山"节制资本"思想的影响下,先后制定过三部遗产税法案,构建了较为完备的遗产税法体系。南京国民政府时期遗产税法的实施,一定程度上发挥了调节社会财富贫富不均、消除阶级对立、改良社会风气的作用,也一定程度上缓解了中国抗战时期财政经费紧张的局面。遗产税是一种良税,未来我国在制定遗产税法时,应认真总结和借鉴南京国民政府时期遗产税法立法和司法实践的经验。     

Treatment effectiveness for offenders with autism spectrum conditions: a systematic review

Theoretical suppositions suggest a potential vulnerability in some individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) to displaying offending behaviours. Additionally, it is recognised that the features of ASCs may result in possible barriers to treatment. A systematic review was undertaken to identify empirical evidence examining the effectiveness of treatment programmes for offenders with ASCs and to explore the potential impact of ASC symptoms on treatment outcomes. The studies identified consisted of a small number of case series and a collection of case reports with little or no direct comparisons to offenders without ASCs. A synthesis of the findings highlighted variability in treatment approach and impact. Effectiveness was primarily defined by reduction in further offending behaviours and was found to be variable across the data. The potential relationship between the symptoms of ASCs and treatment outcome was explored with all case reports identifying the need for adaptations to treatment programmes, necessitated by the symptoms of ASCs. This systematic review joins an existing body of literature emphasising need for more controlled research into the effectiveness of offending behaviour treatment programmes for individuals with ASCs, and for further investigation into the impact of the clinical features of ASCs on treatment outcomes.     

Predicting daily-life antisocial behaviour in institutionalized adolescents with Transgression-related Implicit Association Tests

This study investigated whether implicit attitude (IA) and implicit self-concept (ISC) towards transgression predicted daily-life antisocial behaviour (ASB) in institutionalized adolescents. Eighty-seven adolescents completed two Implicit Association Tests (IAT) assessing IA and ISC towards transgression, and reported four times a day during eight days the intensity of their ASB. Staff members concurrently reported the intensity of each adolescent’s ASB. Adolescents filled in the Inventory for Callous-Unemotional Traits and answered a semi-structured interview assessing conduct disorder. Multilevel regression analyses confirmed that adolescents’ ISC towards transgression significantly predicted their self - and staff-reported ASB over and above conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits. However, adolescents’ IA towards transgression did not predict their ASB. Results indicate that ISC towards transgression is a reliable predictor of daily-life ASB in institutionalized adolescents. These results suggest that transgression-related ISC represents a promising target for ASB prevention in institutionalized adolescents.     

论盗掘古文化遗址、古墓葬罪

盗掘古文化遗址、古墓葬罪是指未经国家文物主管部门批准,以寻找文物为目的,私自挖掘古文化遗址、古墓葬的行为.该罪既遂与未遂的标准应根据古文化遗址和古墓葬的不同特点确定不同的标准.同时,有必要将故意损毁古文化遗址、古墓葬的行为以及过失损毁古文化遗址、古墓葬,造成严重后果的行为予以犯罪化.