Governing public–private partnerships: A systematic review of case study literature

Governance plays a critical role in determining the success and failure of public–private partnerships (PPPs). We conducted a systematic review of case study literature on PPP governance and developed a governance framework consisting of 21 issues in four groups: institutional, organizational, contractual, and managerial. Then, we investigate the dynamics of governance issues, including the relative importance, interrelationships, and connections with PPP success and failure. Results suggest that PPPs should emphasize cooperation, trust, communication, capability, risk allocation and sharing, competition, and transparency in their governance. We also found that the governance practice of emphasizing dominant and direct factors and ignoring recessive and indirect ones has hindered PPPs’ success.     

The advocacy coalition framework in Japan: Contributions to policy process studies and the challenges involved

The advocacy coalition framework (ACF), a unified framework for understanding the policy process, has been applied in various countries and regions; however, there are few contributions from Japan, despite seemingly favorable conditions for applying it. An exploration of what hinders ACF applications in Japan is worthwhile for developing the ACF as a framework for comparative policy process studies across various social and political settings. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review previous Japanese ACF studies. Our review found that Japanese ACF studies are fewer in number, have less coverage of policy fields, and have less methodological diversity and transparency than international trends. While most of the Japanese ACF studies supported the basic hypotheses of the ACF, we found a need to refine some hypotheses and research methods of the ACF studies. We also discuss the background factors in the inactivity of ACF studies in Japan and suggest solutions for it.     

沈从文对自然文化的选择--还乡文学

沈从文之所以能够构筑一个理想化的"湘西世界",源于他对自然文化中还乡文学的选择.沈从文的还乡文学中存在着一些自然文化特征,如对风土人情的描写,自然人性观和对人的终极关怀,诗化的表达方式,终极审判等.     

针灸治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫随机对照试验文献质量评价

［摘要］目的 对针灸治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫随机对照试验文献质量进行分析，为进一步的临床试验研究提供参考。方法 检索近30年针灸治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫临床研究文献，采用循证医学的原则及评价方法，制定临床文献评价及信息采集表，对纳入文献进行分析和评价。结果 检索到符合纳入标准的临床对照试验文献21篇，在样本量估算、疾病诊断标准及疗效判定标准、盲法和分配隐藏、随机化实施、随访及病例脱失剔除情况、结局指标选择、安全性观察、结论推导等方面存在一些问题。结论 针灸治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的临床研究文献存在样本量较少、研究方法实施不严谨、结局指标选取不统一的缺点，尚不能得出针灸优于其他疗法的确切结论，故有必要进一步做多中心、大样本及高质量的临床试验研究。