地方政府借贷监管体系构建的国际经验与启示

政府监管是解决市场失灵的一种有效机制。尽管世界各国的政府监管模式各有不同,构建的背景和内容也有所区别,但都是基于以矫正和解决市场失灵为目的而建立的。当下我国正处于转轨时期,虽然设立了相应的政府监管机构,但不论是理念还是职能上都偏重于传统意义上的监管,与现代意义上的监管还相差甚远。加之当前我国的市场经济体制还不健全,政府的管理理念与发展方式还保留着计划经济时期的传统,法制环境还不完善。因此,如何把我国传统的政府监管转变为现代意义的政府监管就显得尤为重要。这不仅能提高政府的监管能力,建立独立、公开、透明的现代监管体系,同时还是健全和完善市场经济体制,融入经济全球化进程的必然要求。     

Governing concept or political buzzword? Contested perceptions of local control

This article uses a perceptions-based framework to study how local governing actors define local control, and, to identify the determinants of definition alignment among local officials. A mix of survey and administrative data from Wisconsin officials is used to test nine hypotheses. The results indicate there is wide variation in how local government leaders define local control, and that alignment on the concept's meaning is predicted by ideology, perceived erosion of local control, and positional characteristics. The study concludes that local governments should incorporate a working definition of local control in planning and on-boarding processes in order to provide governing relevance to the concept.     

Institutional Arrangements and State and Local Financial Forecasting

Abstract

The articles in this symposium present various consequences that effectively result in changes from adopted budgets during the implementation phase, which derive from institutional structure. The institutional structures referred to include such attributes as internal policy, procedural methodology, longevity in office, and reward and incentive systems related to performance outcomes

For local governments, structural influences studied include changes in leadership in the executive and legislative branches, longevity in office of budget administrators, and differences related to mayor-council vs. council-manager forms of government. Internal policies reported on cover methodology used to forecast revenues such as quantitative methods versus informed judgment, budgetary controls and spending policy related to mandated spending beyond local government control, and procedures for benchmarking within the agency as well as with peer groups and professional standards.

Consortia of governments are referenced regarding performance evaluation as is the process for gaining consensus between the executive and legislative branches, including expert outside opinion. Other influences on performance outcomes reported on are those tied to the risk-reward system built in to the institutional structure, which includes risk tolerance of the individuals who make pension fund investments.     

Managing Social Risk in China Local Administration: An Examination of SSRA Initiative

Social Stability Risk Assessment (SSRA) sponsored by the local administration is perceived as a socially defined risk-coping initiative since it became mandatory in China. This article observes and unravels SSRA practices by selecting Xuzhou municipality as a sample case. Findings show that local SSRA is operated by the tridimensional mechanism and antecedents of its effectiveness in enforcement are linked with multiple elements of administrative supports. The findings contribute to a full understanding of SSRA in mainland China where there is no electoral democratic regime, and provide implications for developing countries alike. Some recommendations are proposed as a potential driver of these results.     

新建地方师范院校促进教师教育一体化的思考

教师教育一体化涉及教师教育和教师专业发展各阶段的一体化、教师的专业发展目标及任务的一体化、教师教育内容和方法的一体化等。新建地方师范院校是教师教育体系的重要组成部分,对促进教师教育一体化具有诸多有利条件。新建地方师范院校可从确立办学定位、合理设计培养方案、调动利益相关者积极性、探索和创新教师教育一体化模式、加强教育科学研究等方面着手,促进教师教育一体化。     

韩国地方政府绩效管理实践及其对中国的启示——以富川市构建平衡计分卡系统为例

近年来,韩国在运用平衡计分卡改进地方政府绩效管理实践上成效显著。富川市是在韩国构建平衡计分卡系统的标杆组织,其经验对平衡计分卡的中国化具有以下几点启示:要明确引进平衡计分卡的目的;要提高公务员对平衡计分卡系统的认识水平;要以培养内部专家为主;对新的绩效管理体系的开发不急于求成;指标的设置要力求真实反映国情民意及地区之间的差异;实施完整的变革管理程序;要谨慎处理公民参与评价的程度。     

地方政府对高等教育投入努力程度的实证研究

利用2000-2009年各省的面板数据对地方政府高等教育投入努力程度进行实证分析,结果表明地方政府间高校经费投入的努力程度存在显著差异,地方的财政分权以及政府竞争对地方政府高等教育努力程度具有负效应。在引入交互项之后,发现财政分权和政府竞争对东部地区的负效应最大,东部地区高等教育投入努力程度最低。在解决地区间高校经费投入不均衡问题时,要完善激励机制,提升发达地区地方政府高等教育投入的努力程度。同时,加大转移支付力度,平衡地区间高等教育经费投入的差异。     

政府辟谣行为可诉性分析

随着社会信息化程度的加深,面对社会公众的质疑和猜忌,政府辟谣行为日益普遍。错误的辟谣信息不仅严重损害政府的公信力,同时也会损害公众的合法权益。依据辟谣行为性质将其分为政府信息公开类、行政指导类和不属于职能范围的一般性辟谣三大类,针对不同类型的行为,尝试在目前法律框架下探究司法救济思路和相关制度的改善。     

地方政府公共服务供给能力:影响因素与实现路径

公共服务均等化是和谐社会的重要内容,而地方政府公共服务供给能力提升是公共服务均等化目标实现的重要保障。传统观点认为,地方经济或财政实力决定地方政府公共服务供给能力,但是,我们认为公民参与、社会组织、信息沟通、电子政务技术等对地方政府公共服务供给能力提升更具影响力。在公共治理理论框架下,本文分析了影响地方政府公共服务供给能力提升的经济、政治与社会综合因素,并在此基础上,提出了系统提升地方政府公共服务供给能力的实现路径。     

治理视野下地方立法的发展方向与路径选择

从1970年代末开始的改革开放拉开了中国社会转型的序幕,政府主导的渐进式社会变革稳步推进;在改革进入深水区,利益调整更加纷繁复杂的情况下,地方立法在地方治理活动中扮演着越来越重要的角色。地方立法实践中面临着质量控制、民主参与、利益樊篱等问题,也受制于社会变革与中央立法整体进程。在坚持地方特色的基础上,地方立法应当坚持民主化与科学化发展方向,积极引领、规范地方治理工作,不断推进地方治理现代化。