地方事务划分的立法困惑及其理论解答——以台湾地区地方自治的理论与实践为基础

台湾地区推行地方自治,地方事务划分是实现地方自治的前提条件。为了切实保障地方自治,台湾地区所适用的“中华民国宪法”对地方事务作了列举规范,作为一般法律的“地方制度法”也对地方事务的划分作了列举规范。不同效力等级的法规范都对地方事务作了规定,于是产生监督方式区别问题,台湾当局与所属县市地方事务纵向划分问题及地方事务分类问题,现有的法规范并没有给予清楚的心答。在加强地方自治权限思潮的影响下,台湾理论界对之作了回答。     

社会转型期利益群体与中国地方政府善治

社会利益分化和利益结构重构成为社会转型时期最重要、最深刻的变化。越来越多的利益群体对地方政府决策和公共政策产生着重要的影响,并已经成为影响地方政府善治的一个不可回避的现实问题。本文分析了社会转型时期利益群体的重要特点、利益群体对地方政府善治的积极与消极的双重意义,并提出了解决问题的途径与措施。     

从“晋江模式”看地方文化在经济发展中的作用

本从化发生学的角度,分析“晋江模式”是如何在大传统与小传统的共同作用下形成的,以此透视化与经济发展模式之间的关系。“大传统”是指一系列改革开放政策所形成的制度环境,“小传统”是指在特殊历史条件下和地理环境中形成的晋江地方性化。由于存在晋江地方性化的“小传统”,才会在统一的“大传统”下,形成具有地方特色的晋江经济发展模式。     

乡土文学的“大题目“:略论20年代乡土文学对鲁迅的继承

２０年代乡土小说主流地位的确立和基本特征的形成,一个重要的原因在于它紧紧抓住了改造国民性文化批判的大题目。这个大题目的抓取和展开是在鲁迅的影响下进行的,具体表现于题材和主题的转换,文化视界的拓展,国民心态的揭示,民俗文化的批判等四个方面。     

Review of Logic of Local Government Behavior in China

It is an important task to study the logic of behavior of local governments for interpretation of the “password” of national governance and promotion of modernization of national governance system and governance capabilities. From the perspectives of structure-function, governance processes and organizational system, the paper reviews the behavioral logic of local government over the past decade. It concludes that institution is a core element which affects local government behavior, and research transforms from the determinism which formal national governance system plays a decisive role over the local government to mutual construction of central governments, local governments and local social institution, from normative research to empirical research, from a macro-level to meso-level, from organization to organization field. In the future, empirical and comparative studies are recommended, focusing on the process of generating, strengthening, weakening or re-institutionalizing in inter-governmental or organizational interaction, for more exploration into the general logic of local government behavior.     

论地方政府经济行为失范的体制性原因

与微观经济主体一样,地方政府作为谋取自身利益最大化的“经济人”,其行为同样要受“给定条件”的制约。地方政府行为失范与否,关键不在于其动机好坏,而在于具有普适价值的政绩评价体制是否合理、有效。现行的有缺陷的体制是导致地方政府经济行为失范的根源。     

Making a difference? Public perceptions of coalition,single-party,and minority governments

It is often argued that coalition governments are less likely to ‘make a difference’ than single-party governments. Because they are composed of multiple actors who need to agree to policy innovations, and because there are fewer personnel changes between successive coalition governments, coalitions are associated with fewer policy differences. From this it follows that public perceptions that governments should ‘make a difference’ will be weaker under coalition than single-party governments. The same logic applies to minority governments, which require support to pass legislation from opposition parties, and hence are less likely to deliver on their commitments. Using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, this paper tests these hypotheses. The expected effects, albeit small ones, are found for coalition governments, but only in old democracies.     

Voters and coalition governments

Coalition governments are the norm in parliamentary democracies. Yet, despite the predominance of this type of government, political scientists have only recently started to investigate how voters approach elections when a coalition government is the likely outcome. Such elections present additional uncertainty and complexity for voters compared with elections in plurality systems, where party choice translates more directly into a choice of government. These factors have lead to the assumption that strategic voting is unlikely to occur in systems that produce coalition governments. In this introductory article to the special issue on Voters and Coalition Governments, we consider whether voters have the capacity to anticipate specific coalition outcomes and propose a framework for understanding the conditions that lead to strategic voting in both plurality and proportional systems.     

论地方政府的环境伦理责任——以广西北部湾经济区为例

加强地方政府的环境伦理责任建设对于应对广西北部湾经济区的环境挑战,推进区域的可持续发展具有重要意义。政府的环境伦理责任主要包括:推进环境保护的法制建设和监督管理,引导环境产业的健康发展,培育民众的环境意识。当前一些地方政府的环境伦理责任建设尚存在诸多问题。要解决这些问题,必须强化政府的环境伦理责任,加强政府官员的环境伦理教育和制度建设,强化监督机制,引导政府官员树立正确的政绩观,提高他们的环境道德水平。     

地方政府公共服务供给能力:影响因素与实现路径

公共服务均等化是和谐社会的重要内容,而地方政府公共服务供给能力提升是公共服务均等化目标实现的重要保障。传统观点认为,地方经济或财政实力决定地方政府公共服务供给能力,但是,我们认为公民参与、社会组织、信息沟通、电子政务技术等对地方政府公共服务供给能力提升更具影响力。在公共治理理论框架下,本文分析了影响地方政府公共服务供给能力提升的经济、政治与社会综合因素,并在此基础上,提出了系统提升地方政府公共服务供给能力的实现路径。