地方政府公共服务供给能力:影响因素与实现路径

公共服务均等化是和谐社会的重要内容,而地方政府公共服务供给能力提升是公共服务均等化目标实现的重要保障。传统观点认为,地方经济或财政实力决定地方政府公共服务供给能力,但是,我们认为公民参与、社会组织、信息沟通、电子政务技术等对地方政府公共服务供给能力提升更具影响力。在公共治理理论框架下,本文分析了影响地方政府公共服务供给能力提升的经济、政治与社会综合因素,并在此基础上,提出了系统提升地方政府公共服务供给能力的实现路径。     

Making a difference? Public perceptions of coalition,single-party,and minority governments

It is often argued that coalition governments are less likely to ‘make a difference’ than single-party governments. Because they are composed of multiple actors who need to agree to policy innovations, and because there are fewer personnel changes between successive coalition governments, coalitions are associated with fewer policy differences. From this it follows that public perceptions that governments should ‘make a difference’ will be weaker under coalition than single-party governments. The same logic applies to minority governments, which require support to pass legislation from opposition parties, and hence are less likely to deliver on their commitments. Using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, this paper tests these hypotheses. The expected effects, albeit small ones, are found for coalition governments, but only in old democracies.     

Voters and coalition governments

Coalition governments are the norm in parliamentary democracies. Yet, despite the predominance of this type of government, political scientists have only recently started to investigate how voters approach elections when a coalition government is the likely outcome. Such elections present additional uncertainty and complexity for voters compared with elections in plurality systems, where party choice translates more directly into a choice of government. These factors have lead to the assumption that strategic voting is unlikely to occur in systems that produce coalition governments. In this introductory article to the special issue on Voters and Coalition Governments, we consider whether voters have the capacity to anticipate specific coalition outcomes and propose a framework for understanding the conditions that lead to strategic voting in both plurality and proportional systems.     

Pay to protect: Examining the factors of the use of market-based instruments for local water sustainability

Given the myriad of policy instruments aimed at enhancing water quantity conservation available to municipalities, what drives them to opt for a market-based instrument (MBI)? MBIs can be effective and efficient policy instruments to enhance water quantity conservation, but there is little known about why municipalities utilize them. This study hypothesizes that three contextual elements influence a municipality's use of an MBI: the natural, political, and structural environment. The results from two logistic regression models suggest that in a municipality suffering a higher drought level, both a conservative political environment and operating under a council-manager form of government (with the effect more pronounced under a non-council-manager form) will increase the likelihood that it will use an MBI to address water conservation.     

对政府公信力的现实思考——以扬州卖地事件为案例

在现代社会,完善各类公开办事制度、提高政府工作透明度和公信力是提高政府诚信度的重要保证。然而。扬州市政府却因扬州卖地事件损害了自己的公信力。究其原因,主要是政府在此次事件中缺乏以民为本的理念。依法行政的观念淡薄,科学发展的意识欠缺。因此,增强地方政府公信力,地方政府必须牢固树立科学的行政理念,大力推进政府法治化进程,建立政府诚信监督机制及民众与政府良性互动机制,完善政府诚信管理体系。     

The legal and administrative processes in adoption: views and experiences of newly formed adoptive families

The early stages of adoptive placements are important in achieving successful long-term outcomes for adopted children and their families. This paper reports on findings from the Wales Adoption Study, in which adoptive parents shared their views and experiences of the legal and administrative processes in obtaining an adoption order. Parents described a range of difficulties that added to anxieties and delays. These arose mainly through poor communication about the steps in the legal process and avoidable administrative errors or oversights. Some parents also experienced lack of information and support regarding agreed contact arrangements and work with their child to help them make sense of their adoptive status.     

地方高校培养卓越法律本科人才探析

"卓越法律人才培养计划"是国家中长期教育发展战略规划的重要内容。地方高校卓越法律人才的培养目标应定位于地方性与实务性,并在此目标定位的基础上培养具有综合法律素养的应用法律人才。地方高校在具体教学改革探索中应注意研究法学人才培养的目标定位、核心课程的教学改革、合作培养人才的机制建设、授课方法改革、多元化实践教学平台建设、导师制建设等方面内容;师资队伍建设是卓越人才培养的重要保障。     

我国地方行政立法监督问题研究

在我国的立法实践中,行政立法的数量大大超过了人大立法,所涉及的内容多与公民权益和社会生活息息相关.但地方政府在立法的过程中,极易出现"地方保护主义",使得地方行政立法的权力不断膨胀,破坏了法律体系的统一和有序,为了避免这种现象的发生,对地方行政立法的监督很有必要.本文分析了我国地方行政立法监督的现状和存在的问题,并就完善我国的地方行政立法监督提出一些建议.     

转型期地方政府合法性危机与重塑

政府合法性探讨的是政治系统如何赢得公众广泛信仰、支持和认同的问题。在社会变迁过程中,任何一种政治体系都不同程度地面临着合法性危机的问题。弘扬公共精神,坚守公共性,推进公共行政,是人类社会治理模式历史演进视野下解决地方政府合法性危机的根本之道。     

地方政府债务:现状、成因与对策

文章对我国地方政府债务历程进行了回顾,分析了地方政府债务成因的发展变化,探讨了地方负债的融资行为风险对财政、金融、社会带来的不良后果,最后提出解决我国地方政府债务的根本出路在于地方政府举债债券化,应采用总体部署、阶段实施的解决方案,最终使地方政府债务走向透明化、法制化、市场化、规范化的道路。