地方参与中央决策的法治建构——以整顿地方政府驻京办为例

地方政府驻京办事处构成了中央与地方关系中纵横交错的权力关系网络的极其关键性的结点,成为地方参与中央决策,尤其是影响中央转移支付决策的有效途径之一,亦成为中央与地方关系非法治化的表征。机构体制改革的目标之一是理顺中央与地方的关系,进行地方参与中央决策的制度建构,以地方制度和民主监督的新安排来取代中央的管理职能,即实现中央与地方关系的法治化。整顿规范"驻京办现象"势必推动中央与地方关系的法治化进程。     

欧盟国家地方税立法权问题初探

对一个主权国家而言,地方税立法权是一个既重要又复杂的问题。一个国家的地方税立法权制度不仅在很大程度上取决于其宪政体制,而且与该国的历史与传统也紧密相关。欧盟国家的地方税立法权体制因各国的国情不同而不尽一致,德国、英国、西班牙和法国所采行的模式颇具代表性,基本囊括了目前世界各国实行的主要几种模式。对欧盟这几个主要国家,特别是法国的地方税立法权进行考察,有利于对中国在构建本国的地方税立法权体制时将其作为参考借鉴的资讯。     

Past and present African citizenships of slave descent: lessons from Benin

This paper takes up the notion of citizenship and ethnicity as forms of belonging in the context of globalisation. The discussion draws on a case study focusing on a Fulfuldephone servile group from Northern Benin called the Gando. Since pre-colonial times, their servile status ascribed by birth has been an argument for placing them at the margins of their society and excluding them from political participation. While still claiming their belonging to the nation-state of Benin and the Fulbe's culture, the Gando have progressively built a new social identity that is showing to be a new ethnic group. In the context of the decentralisation reform implemented in 2002–2003, the Gando have taken the opportunity to access local power; they conquered municipal power in the 2003 and 2008 local elections. In doing so they opened the gates to a full citizenship that in the context of today's Benin means a clientelistic citizenship. Contrary to recent literature focused on the simultaneous emergence of belonging dynamics and violent conflicts in the context of recent globalisation in developing countries, the author argues that belonging dynamics do not necessarily imply violent conflicts and exclusion dynamics.     

论地方政府发债权的法理属性

在中央与地方关系的利益博弈中,地方政府拥有相对独立的发债权,意味着其必先拥有相对独立的财政自主权,而中央政府与地方政府和地方政府与地方人大的财政分权关系涉及纵向和横向权力制约的宪政命题。作为本地区公共利益的代表者和中央政府在地方的代言人,地方政府有着特殊的双重身份。从权力的法理属性来看,地方政府发债权具有公权力、地方权力和行政权力的属性特征。对地方政府发债权进行必要的规制和监督,成为了法治社会和宪政国家的应有之义。     

Non-Zero-Sum Leadership Games: Is Facilitative Leadership a Win-Win?

According to the concept of facilitative leadership, leaders can strengthen their own leadership by strengthening the other players in the game. However, quantitative empirical evidence that such facilitative leadership processes can lead to win-win situations has been lacking. This article develops a way to detect such non-zero-sum leadership games building on an index constructed to measure political leadership in surveys. The technique is applied to a case study focusing on Regional Mayors in Denmark, and the empirical findings clearly demonstrate that, in this case, the leadership game indeed resembles a non-zero-sum pattern.     

教育地方立法中法律责任设定研究

为了保障依法治教,我国先后颁布了《中华人民共和国教师法》、《中华人民共和国教育法》等教育法律法规,我国教育法律体系初步形成。但是,由于各地教育发展水平不同,具体教育状况存在差异,而国家层面的教育立法侧重原则性的规定,因此,加强教育地方立法,可以有效实现依法治教,促进教育事业发展。目前在我国教育地方立法中,法律责任的设定存在问题多多,探讨教育地方立法责任设置具有重要的现实意义。     

Accounting for Variation in Distrust of Local Police

This paper tests a variety of explanations for variation in distrust of local police in the US. As with other attitudes toward the police, there is a substantial race gap in distrust of the police. Our analysis is based upon citizen survey data from 33 cities and data on policing characteristics and the city context for those same cities. It reveals that individual‐level factors representative of a psychological model are of substantial importance in accounting for variation in distrust of the police. City‐level attributes tapping differences in police performance are also important predictors of citizen distrust of the police, even once individual‐level attributes are controlled; and there are important racial differences in the impact of these police performance variables as well, resulting in a largely full accounting of the initial race gap.     

Local politics and police strength

Numerous studies have explored variation in police employment across cities, usually focusing on public choice, conflict, or organizational explanations. Yet, few consider whether the local political context affects police employment. Recent research suggests that local politics affects criminal justice outcomes. Using insights from urban politics research, I develop testable hypotheses about the effects of local political arrangements on municipal police strength. WLS regression results suggest the value of considering local political context in models of police strength. Specifically, in a sample of 945 cities with 25,000 or more residents in 1990, net of other variables, cities with unreformed political systems (mayor‐council forms of government, district‐based city councils and partisan elections) had more police employees per 1,000 residents, and this effect varied by region. Additionally, the effect of minority populations and crime rates on police strength varied across municipal political contexts. Implications for theories of police strength are discussed.     

西部地区地方高校教育质量提升的诉求与对策--基于对西部地区部分地方高校的考察

通过对西部地区部分地方高等院校的考察，发现西部地区高等教育质量总体有了明显提升，但重规模轻质量、重硬件建设轻内涵建设的现象依然存在。西部地区地方高校要进一步更新观念，立足地方经济社会发展的需要，有效整合教育资源，从学科专业建设、人才培养模式改革、师资队伍建设、产学研结合等方面着手，走有自我特色的内涵发展之路。     

浅谈基层派出所的选择性执法——以加强执法管理为视角

基层派出所的选择性执法,既是公安基层执法实践中的常见现象,也是公平与效率这一对矛盾的具体表现.作为现阶段公安工作中客观存在的一种执法现象,其正负两方面价值都有可能进一步衍生.对此,基本思路应该是采取理性的监督措施与改革执法管理机制来"合理控制"选择性执法,一方面减少民警不合理甚至是违法的选择,另一方面增加民警选择性执法的合法合理内容,以实现"选择性执法"向"最优化执法"的转变.