Swimming with the Tide: Adapting to Long-Term Imprisonment

Given the increasing number of prisoners serving life sentences in England and Wales, and the increasing average length of these sentences, it is surprising that so little attention has been paid to the experiences and effects of such sanctions. This article describes how prisoners serving very long sentences from an early age adapt over time to their circumstances. In particular, it focuses on the transition between the early and subsequent stages of such sentences, specifically, the ways that these prisoners adapt to the sentence, manage time, come to terms with their offense, shift their conception of control, make their sentence constructive, and find wider meaning in and from their predicament. Our argument is that most prisoners demonstrate a shift from a form of agency that is reactive to one that is productive, as they learn to “swim with”, rather than against, the tide of their situation.     

论市民社会与服务民生语境下的司法监督

在市民社会深入发展的背景下,＂小政府、大社会＂已成为时代的选择,服务民生已成为社会的普遍要求。对于检察机关而言,服务民生,就是要强化法律监督职能,探索民事监督内涵,拓宽民行监督领域,突出民行案件监督重点。此外,检察机关在民生建设中应注意：服务民生不能逾越法定职能;查处犯罪的同时应维持企业正常生产秩序,维护企业声誉;个案处理中要把握＂依法判案＂硬性标准与宽严相济司法政策的灵活适用。     

Environmental effectiveness and economic consequences of fragmented versus universal regimes: what can we learn from model studies?

A post-2012 regime aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could develop towards a universal or fragmented regime. The fundamental difference between a universal and a fragmented regime is that the first involves a single comprehensive climate regime in which all countries participate, whereas the second involves either multiple treaties or a single treaty in which not all countries participate. This study assesses the literature on a wide range of different model studies concerning the environmental effectiveness and economic consequences of various universal and fragmented climate regimes. The most important conclusions (e.g. relative position of regions in terms of costs) are generally consistent across different studies, despite the differences in methodology. We conclude that stabilising GHG concentrations at low levels is more costly with a fragmented regime than with a universal regime, because reduction targets must be achieved by a smaller number of countries or because fragmented treaties may prevent reducing GHGs where it is cheapest to do so. However, establishing a universal regime will be challenging due to cost differences between regions if emissions are allocated based on specific allocation rules and incentives to free-ride on a universal regime. Even though alternative behaviours such as responsibility, the implementation of transfer schemes or exclusive membership can increase the likelihood of achieving a universal regime, a fragmented regime seems more feasible. Therefore, a transitional fragmented ‘coalition of the willing’ could be established first, which could provide the basis for a larger, universal regime in the long term.

贝勒斯法律程序分析之方法评析

贝勒斯首先将道德成本和程序利益引入法律程序的分析当中,这不仅在方法上给人耳目一新的感觉,而且将道德成本、程序利益和经济成本综合地运用于分析法律程序,拓展了程序的内涵。然而,这一方法也存在着缺陷——法律程序分析失去确定性和直观性。     

居安思危之急需强基固本之部署--关于加强党的执政能力建设问题的若干思考

居安思危,必须充分认识加强党的执政能力建设的重要性和紧迫性;求真务实,必须从实际出发、从理论和实践的结合上加强党的执政能力建设;任重道远,必须坚持不懈地探索党的执政能力建设,完善党的执政机制,提高党的执政能力.     

研究式教学是构建党校教学科研一体化长效机制的关键

深化党校教学改革,增强教学的针对性和实效性,提升党校教学的层次和水平,关键是构建教学科研一体化长效机制。研究式教学的探索与推进,加大了科学研究在教学中的比重和分量,为进一步实现“教学出题目、科研做文章、成果进课堂”搭建了很好的平台,不断推动科研教学相互促进、良性互动,是党校教育贯彻理论联系实际原则的生动体现。     

中国社会转型过程中的利益失衡与风险成本

改革的过程必然是一个利益重新分配的过程,随着中国改革开放的不断深入,不同的利益集团不断分化,并出现了两极分化的趋势。这一趋势应引起我们的高度关注和足够重视。因为,严重的利益失衡将使处于转型期的社会面临高风险,并有可能最终导致改革失败。     

构建干部作风建设长效机制的理性思考

干部作风建设不是一个短期行为,必须坚持长期抓,逐步构建干部作风建设的长效机制。从“执政为民、管理高效、发展科学、法律规范”四个视角对其长效机制进行理性定位,在此基础上,积极探索干部作风建设长效机制的体系框架。干部作风建设的长效机制的形成,必须以制度作为支撑与保证,坚持制度的落实与创新,促进干部作风建设不断深入并取得实效。     

委托代理分析:对警务人员有效管理的新理念

警察机构作为政府的组成部分具有典型的科层制结构。由此产生了大量的委托代理关系并带来了管理上的低效率。其主要原因是不对称信息的存在 ,机会成本的增加 ,规则制度的失灵。解放这一问题的管理新理念是 :一要正视下属人员的正当利益要求 ,在设计组织目标时力图协调好组织整体目标与个人目标的关系 ,使下属人员在追求自身利益最大化的同时客观上也能促进组织目标的实现 ;二要创建“合作型”的组织文化 ,在和谐合作的组织文化氛围中促进组织目标的实现。     

香港民事诉讼中的诉讼费担保制度

诉讼费担保制度是普通法系国家的一项民事诉讼规则和制度,它能够解决一些因诉讼费而产生的不公平问题。在诉讼费担保制度的适用情形、担保金命令的申请程序、担保金命令的发出程序、担保金命令的法律效力、担保金的取回程序方面,香港都有比较完善的规定,但也存在一些需要解决的问题。香港诉讼费担保制度的成功之处对于阻止内地民事诉讼中的当事人滥诉行为,会有一定的借鉴意义。