人工智能技术应用会减少制造业企业的就业机会吗？ ——以珠江三角洲制造业企业为例

在人工智能背景下，智能化转型成为许多企业的发展方向，然而在智能化设备代替人类工作者的过程中，新技术是否会带来失业问题成为社会讨论的焦点。本研究通过对珠江三角洲部分制造业企业进行问卷调查，并从智能化升级前后的员工总体数量变化、具体部门人数变化、员工工资收入变化以及企业的人力资源需求变化等四个方面进行分析。研究结果显示： (1)人工智能技术对企业员工存在一定程度的替代效应，但 效果并不明显；(2)人工智能技术对部门结构进行重塑，将员工引向与人工智能技术相关的工作岗位上： (3)人工智能技术在企业中的应用对转岗员工收入的提升起到积极作用： (4)人工智能技术的各项优势以及在企业中起到的积极作用并不意味着劳动者被淘汰，反而增加了企业的劳动力需求。     

Perception of risks associated with economic sanctions: the case of Russian manufacturing

This paper is focused on assessing the risk factors for Russian manufacturing firms posed by sanctions imposed on Russia by the EU, US, and other countries in 2014. While there is an extensive literature assessing the successes and failures of international sanctions on the economies of both those imposing and targeted by sanctions on a macroeconomic level, we are more interested in trying to understand the corporate response – i.e. which firms evaluate the introduction and increasing scale of economic sanctions as a threat to their corporate strategy, and their possible reactions aimed at adjusting to a changing environment due to the geopolitical shock. Our research, based on a recent survey of manufacturing companies, provides evidence that over the last decade Russian manufacturing firms have become much more integrated into the global economy than is commonly assumed, through foreign direct investment, foreign trade (including imports of both technological equipment and raw materials and components), international partnerships, and by extensively supplying foreign companies that operate in Russia. Considering the self-selection effect of the top-performing firms in terms of foreign trade, we can state that sanctions could prove most harmful not only for the targeted firms, but for the entire population of better-performing and globalized firms involved in foreign trade with the EU and Ukraine. Thus, the impact of the sanctions on the prospects of the Russian manufacturing sector may be very strong over the medium-to-long term.     

新加坡制造业贸易竞争力发展评价分析——基于比较优势和竞争优势的动态均衡

本文借鉴和运用竞争力理论与评价体系,以新加坡制造业发展历程为主线,在测算新加坡制造业各行业竞争力变迁的成果上,运用主成分分析法建构了同时反映比较优势和竞争优势的新加坡制造业竞争力评价模型,并探讨新加坡制造业贸易竞争力发展的原因。     

我国制造业迈向全球价值链中高端的陷阱规避与路径演进

制造业迈向全球价值链中高端不仅是制造业高质量发展的必经环节,也是增强经济抗风险能力、提升经济韧性的必然选择,更是践行人类命运共同体、实现中华民族伟大复兴的经济基础。我国制造业迈向全球价值链需要从总体构想、基本原则和策略空间等方面做好顶层设计,需要规避关键环节防断链、现有位置防掉链、低端环节防锁链的三大陷阱,同时,我国制造业迈向全球价值链中高端包含缺失环节促补链、高端环节促延链、重点产业促强链、优势领域促引链、新兴领域促创链的演进路径。     

University Technology Transfer and Manufacturing Innovation: The Case of Italy

This article analyzes the influence of universities on Italian firms' probability to innovate. Using firm‐level data, we focus on institutionalized technology transfer (TT) activities in universities, namely spin‐offs, patents, and research contracts. Results show that TT activities play a significant role in the probability to innovate by Italian manufacturing firms located in the same province as the university. Nevertheless, the effect is not uniform: the contribution of university TT activities to the probability of firms' innovating is concentrated in certain territorial areas (North‐East and Center) and sectors (science based and scale intensive) and among firms that are large.     

制售伪劣商品犯罪之死刑究问

制售伪劣商品犯罪毕竞属于非暴力犯罪,不应过分凸显死刑在防治这类犯罪过程中的功能与作用。可以通过司法或立法举措剥离两种制售伪劣商品犯罪的死刑,使原本符合其死刑适用条件之情形转以相关危害公共安全犯罪来论处,从而在避免造成社会震荡之前提下,架空甚至即行废止其死刑。     

低增加值率制造业对大学毕业生就业影响研究

该文以增加值率为衡量指标，计量地定位了中国制造业在全球产业价值链中的位置，认为正是由于地处全球产业价值链低端位置，中国制造业只能走规模扩张的道路，由此形成一个低增加值率导致低工资、低工资导致低素质劳动力、低素质劳动力导致低增加值率的恶性循环。在这一螺旋向下的过程中，以大学毕业生为代表的，需要较高雇用成本的劳动力资源被实体经济自动过滤出来，形成失业人口。     

我国省域装备制造业的空间计量经济分析

基于2005-2007年中国省域装备制造业的面板数据,运用空间计量经济学方法,对中国省域装备制造业相互作用机理进行了分析。结果发现:我国省域装备制造业在空间上相互依赖,装备制造业工业增加值不仅受当地装备制造业发展状况的影响,同时也受相邻省域装备制造业发展状况的影响,技术创新和外贸出口对我国装备制造业的工业增加值的增长有显著的促进作用。     

我国大学生与农民工就业质量分析——以国际分工地位的影响为视角

本文分析了我国在国际分工中的地位对大学生和农民工两大群体就业质量的影响。产业链中产品设计、仓储运输、原料采购、订单处理、批发经营、终端零售等六大软环节的发育不足导致大学生就业难、就业质量不高;加工制造的分工环节给农民工提供了大量岗位,但成本上涨压力和国内国外的激烈竞争降低了农民工的就业质量。     

山东半岛与韩国经济合作的战略研究

为了顺应跨国公司向中国新一轮的产业转移趋势, 山东省提出“承接日韩产业转移,打造半岛制造业基地”的发展战略。因此,分析韩国未来对山东半岛的投资趋势,合理规划山东半岛未来需重点发展的主导产业,促进山东半岛有效承接韩国的产业转移,对于加速山东半岛制造业基地建设至关重要。