An inter-laboratory study of DNA-based identity,parentage and species testing in animal forensic genetics

The probative value of animal forensic genetic evidence relies on laboratory accuracy and reliability. Inter-laboratory comparisons allow laboratories to evaluate their performance on specific tests and analyses and to continue to monitor their output. The International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) administered animal forensic comparison tests (AFCTs) in 2016 and 2018 to assess the limitations and capabilities of laboratories offering forensic identification, parentage and species determination services. The AFCTs revealed that analyses of low DNA template concentrations (≤300 pg/µL) constitute a significant challenge that has prevented many laboratories from reporting correct identification and parentage results. Moreover, a lack of familiarity with species testing protocols, interpretation guidelines and representative databases prevented over a quarter of the participating laboratories from submitting correct species determination results. Several laboratories showed improvement in their genotyping accuracy over time. However, the use of forensically validated standards, such as a standard forensic short tandem repeat (STR) kit, preferably with an allelic ladder, and stricter guidelines for STR typing, may have prevented some common issues from occurring, such as genotyping inaccuracies, missing data, elevated stutter products and loading errors. The AFCTs underscore the importance of conducting routine forensic comparison tests to allow laboratories to compare results from each other. Laboratories should keep improving their scientific and technical capabilities and continuously evaluate their personnel’s proficiency in critical techniques such as low copy number (LCN) analysis and species testing. Although this is the first time that the ISAG has conducted comparison tests for forensic testing, findings from these AFCTs may serve as the foundation for continuous improvements of the overall quality of animal forensic genetic testing.     

我国心理测试结论的证据属性与定位

目前各国关于心理测试(测谎)结论的法定资格的态度大体可以分为两类:一类是持基本肯定的态度;另一类是持完全否定的态度。在我国司法领域中,心理测试结论的最终的出具形式仍是"测试报告",并没有把它隶属于鉴定结论的范畴,它和鉴定结论之间有着本质的差异。但在借鉴国外证据的"有限采用规则"和"补强规则"的框架下,心理测试技术和测试结论仍在我国的司法实践中有着广泛的应用价值。     

探析毕节模式对中国多党合作的价值和意义

毕节试验区成立20多年来,一种成功的模式--毕节模式正呈现在我们面前.毕节模式成功的价值和意义,关键在于它为中国共产党领导的多党合作开辟了新思路,为中国参政党参与国家发展战略提供了现实舞台,充分彰显了中国多党合作的政治优势,丰富了新时期中国多党合作的内容.毕节模式是中国多党合作最集中、最突出的体现,是各民主党派履行参政...     

毕节试验与当代中国政治发展

毕节试验区20多年的建设,是中国政治发展的基本范型.以多党参与毕节试验区建设和以科学发展,可持续发展为标志的政治实践,为中国当代政治建设的发展提供了思考,探讨毕节试验与中国政治发展的关系,对理清中国政治发展方向,推动中国政治治理改革具有重要的意义.     

群体性纠纷解决机制之辨析

群体性纠纷事件频发,而代表人诉讼制度却被各种司法解释限制了适用,实际上已被束之高阁.集团诉讼、团体诉讼制度虽然在解决群体性纠纷方面具有巨大的优越性,但是在我国“司法无力”的困境下,盲目移植必定水土不服.法之理在法内,更在法外,法律制度的构建必须考虑社会现实,示范诉讼在传统“一对一”诉讼结构下解决群体性纠纷的优势得以凸显.     

从司法考试谈法学教育模式与教学方法的转变

我国现有的法学教育模式与教育方法存在诸多弊端,国家统一司法考试注重对法律操作能力的考察,为消除这种弊端提供了契机。法学教育应区分通识教育与职业教育,本科阶段适当兼顾司法考试,硕士阶段尝试联合培养,用走出去的方法引导教师积累实践经验。     

正交试验法优选通窍活血颗粒剂的提取工艺

目的 优选通窍活血颗粒剂的提取工艺.方法 采用正交试验法,以通窍活血颗粒剂中的干膏得率、芍药苷和羟基红花黄色素A含量作为考核指标,优选提取工艺中的加水量、煎煮时间和煎煮次数3个因素.结果 优选出的最佳提取工艺为:加8倍量的水,提取2次,第1次1.5 h,第2次1 h.结论该提取工艺稳定、可行.     

Eu merger control and the compatibility test:a review of recent developments

The compatibility test contained in Article 2 of the Merger Control Regulation (MCR) is at the very heart of EU merger control, for it determines whether a concentration with a community dimension is deemed compatible or incompatible with the common market. Incompatibility can lead to prohibition of a concentration, although this is rare. The paper reviews the recent developments to the conditions of the test itself as well as the analytical methods employed to determine compatibility. Concerning the former, the new foreseeable dominance interpretation, put forward by the European Commission and made law by the Court of First Instance (CFI), is explored. This new variant of the dominance condition is important on its own right but it is also of major interest because of the explicit legal requirement placed on the Commission to assess the future likelihood of abusive behaviour by the merging parties in its prospective analysis. This is not the case with the original dominance compatibility condition. The unexpected but important clarification by the CFI of the notion of substantial part of the common market, as contained in the express wording of the compatibility test, is also commented upon. Concerning the determination of compatibility, the Commission's controversial employment in certain conglomerate concentrations of the range effects of competitive harm theory is examined, as is the need to take cognisance of merger specific efficiencies when determining if a merger increases societal welfare. The EU is making progress toward such an efficiencies assessment as part of the compatibility determination. EU merger control – and hence the compatibility test – do not exist in a vacuum. The EU has played a major role in shaping the new multilateral architecture and its goal of increasing international convergence in competition matters. This in turn has led the EU to rethink the nature of the compatibility test. For example, it has sought to evaluate the dominance condition of the compatibility test with the substantial lessening of competition (SLC) approach used by some other regulators, like the US. The paper concludes by looking at a fundamental issue that has arisen from recent CFI judgements and the GE/Honeywell merger: the competence of the Commission, or more accurately the Merger Task Force (MTF), to carry out the compatibility determination. Proposals are outlined so as to ensure that the Commission's prospective analysis in a concentration case meets the requisite legal standard. It is essential for this standard to be met if EU merger control is to remain credible. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

踹门足迹的发现、提取与分析检验

踹门足迹是指犯罪嫌疑人用足撞击门 ,破坏锁体或门 ,使门锁分离或门板与门框分离而遗留在门面上的足迹。由于形成踹门足迹的承痕落体、作用力的大小与方向和正常步行足迹相比比较特殊 ,因此 ,它们在特征利用、分析方法和检验重点上有较大区别。     

谈如何进行试卷分析

正像证券的历史价格信息是证券价格预测的主要依据一样,考试后试题分析对教师指导学生把握学习要点、使考试复习有的放矢,进而帮助学生摸透考试规律,为考试复习提供指引是行之有效的。