HLA 分型用于亲子鉴定10例报告

本文报导了10起亲子鉴定案例的 HLA 分型结果,并进行了遗传学分析和讨论。结果提示 HLA 分型是一种比较准确地解决亲子纠纷的方法。     

胎儿的HLA-A、-B抗原的测定——附4例测定结果报告

本文介绍了用 NIH 技术成功地测定了四例胎龄为8个月至6个月胎儿的 HLA-A、-B 抗原的结果,提出了在实验中常遇到的问题和解决的办法,以及评定结果时注意的事项。本方法在某些亲子鉴定案件中具有重要实用意义。     

Postmortem diagnosis of syphilitic aortitis, including serological verification on postmortem blood

304 postmortem blood samples were serologically examined for syphilis at Statens Seruminstitut. Seventy-six percent of the samples were usable and gave clear-cut results (18% positive, 34% negative and 24% borderline). Twenty-four percent were indeterminable. The blood samples originated from 304 medico-legally examined bodies, 301 of whom were autopsied. The indications for the serological examinations were suspicion of syphilitic aortitis (SA) on the basis of the macroscopical appearance of the aorta at the autopsy--or information on earlier syphilis. Ninety-seven cases of SA were verified macro- and microscopically, 53 being lethal. The serological results were positive in half of these 97 cases, negative in 15, borderline in 21 and indeterminable in 12. A little more than half of the 97 cases were known in advance in the nation-wide syphilis index at the State Serum Institute. The variegated findings in the remaining part of the material are discussed. It is concluded that serological examination of postmortem blood may be a valuable adjuvant for the pathologist for the diagnosis of SA and other syphilitic manifestations.     

警察职业能力测评的初步研究——警察认知能力结构的验证性因素分析

“警察认知能力”测验,由专注—效率、记忆、想象、创造、逻辑推理能力等五个维度,内含12类项目组成。本研究在对178份有效资料进行信度效度检验的同时,还运用结构方程模型(SEM)对“警察认知能力”的结构效度进行验证性因素分析。结果提示:该结构模型的适应性,五因素间的独立性,五因素模型的拟合指数均为良好,表明警察认知能力五因素理论模型的拟合程度可以接受。     

对外贸易、人均收入与产业结构演进关系的实证分析--以云南省为例

产业结构演进对一个国家或地区经济社会发展起着重要的作用,而产业结构的协整分析又是一种有效的认识工具。云南省1978~2004年出口、进口及人均收入对产业结构的促进作用的协整分析表明:四个变量之间存在惟一的协整关系,出口对产业结构升级有正相关作用,进口则阻碍产业结构升级,而人均收入对产业结构的影响不明显,产业结构成长的“本质变量”逐渐增大。     

法学教育应当注重法律人才全面素质的培养

我国现行法学教育和法律人才素质培养整体状况基本良好,但在一些层面上也存在着应当认真进行检讨和反思的地方。完善法科学生素质培养、法律职业资格考试和法律人才选拔机制,需要借鉴历史和国外经验,不断更新法学教育的理念,恰当定位司法考试制度的作用,改善办学机制,优化教育资源,革新教学机制,强化各种基础素质教育和各种技能教育,并逐步完善法律人才选拔机制,提高新时期法律人才的综合素质。     

Evaluation of Total Nitrite Pattern Visualization as an Improved Method for Gunshot Residue Detection and its Application to Casework Samples

Visualization of nitrite residues is essential in gunshot distance determination. Current protocols for the detection of nitrites include, among other tests, the Modified Griess Test (MGT). This method is limited as nitrite residues are unstable in the environment and limited to partially burned gunpowder. Previous research demonstrated the ability of alkaline hydrolysis to convert nitrates to nitrites, allowing visualization of unburned gunpowder particles using the MGT. This is referred to as Total Nitrite Pattern Visualization (TNV). TNV techniques were modified and a study conducted to streamline the procedure outlined in the literature to maximize the efficacy of the TNV in casework, while reducing the required time from 1 h to 5 min, and enhancing effectiveness on blood‐soiled samples. The TNV method was found to provide significant improvement in the ability to detect significant nitrite residues, without sacrificing efficiency, that would allow for the determination of the muzzle‐to‐target distance.     

A part-declared blind testing program in firearms examination

In 2015 and 2016 the Central Unit of the Dutch National Police created and submitted 21 cartridge case comparison tests as real cases to the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI), under supervision of the University of Twente (UT). A total of 53 conclusions were drawn in these 21 tests. For 31 conclusions the underlying ground truth was “positive”, in the sense that it addressed a cluster of cartridge cases that was fired from the same firearm. For 22 conclusions the ground truth was “negative”, in the sense that the cartridge cases were fired from different firearms. In none of the conclusions, resulting from examinations under casework conditions, misleading evidence was reported. All conclusions supported the hypothesis reflecting the ground truth. This article discusses the design and results of the tests in more detail.     

Are DNA data a valid source to study the spatial behavior of unknown offenders?

Studying the spatial behaviour of unknown offenders (i.e. undetected offenders) is difficult, because police recorded crime data do not contain information about these offenders. Recently, forensic DNA data has been used to study unknown offenders. However, DNA data are only a subset of the crimes committed by unknown offenders stored in police recorded crime data. To establish the suitability of DNA data for studying the spatial offending behaviour of unknown offenders, we examine the concentration and spatial similarity of detected but unsolved crimes in police recorded crime data (N?=?181,483) and DNA data (N?=?1913) over 27 Belgian judicial districts for four crime types. We established spatial similarity for certain crime types (in some districts). This offers opportunities for DNA data to be used to study unknown offenders' spatial offending behaviour. Implications for theory and research are discussed.     

型特异性沉淀素血清检验人唾液斑精斑ABO血型的研究与应用

本文介绍了利用型特异性沉淀素血清环状沉淀法检验人唾液斑、精液斑ABO血型的方法与实验结果,并与中和试验及解离试验进行了比较。实验结果表明,本法操作简便,对多种干扰条件下的唾液斑、精斑均具有高度的型特异性,并能从分泌液与血液的混合斑中准确地鉴别出分泌液的血型。本法仅需0.4cm的分泌斑纱线即可进行血型鉴定,其灵敏度高于中和试验而略低于热解离试验,并能有效地检出陈旧分泌液斑中的型物质,因此适于在实际检案中应用。