海洋资源权属制度的多维解读

海洋资源利用的"xx使用权模式"引发一系列海洋资源权属理论上的困境。在"体系后研究范式"下,海洋资源权属从"公有物"到私权盛行的变迁,表明传统私法视域下海洋资源权属制度具有反思和检讨的必要性,这是由海洋资源权属立法上的诟病、适用范畴的不周全性以及理论依据的争议性所决定的。基于海洋资源国家所有权、环境法理念以及国家主权或者管理权等多维逻辑进路的考量,海洋资源权属制度是公私法色彩兼具的混合权属机制。海洋资源权属制度的多维解读,其主要的现实价值在于提升民族的海洋意识和海洋能力。     

刑满释放人员社会融入的多维性研究

本研究通过对个案的描述，从经济融入、交往融入、心理融入三个层面对刑释人员社会融入问题进行了探讨，并分析了刑释人员实现社会融入的多维路径。从经济融入来讲，应逐步实现从生存到生活；就交往融入而言，应实现关系的移植和关系的重构；心理融入方面，应关注自我认同到他者认同的循环过程。     

In defence of multidimensional scaling for the analysis of sexual offence behaviour: cautionary notes regarding analysis and interpretation

Abstract

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) has become a popular form of statistical analysis in the field of psychology and law. A recent paper in this journal by Sturidsson and colleagues (12, 221–230, 2006) used MDS to replicate an earlier study of sexual offence behaviour by Canter and Heritage (Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 1, 185–212, 1990). They concluded that the model was not replicable and cast grave doubts on the applicability of MDS for the analysis of sexual offences. In this paper I argue that neither conclusion is correct. Initial difficulties in interpretation of the MDS results were clearly due to errors in calculation that should have been recognised. Indeed, a frequency analysis of Sturidsson and colleagues’ variables indicated that their results were in fact remarkably congruent with those of Canter and Heritage. It is concluded that statistical software should not obviate the need for a working knowledge of the statistics being computed.     

MDS use with crime scene data replicates poorly: response to Goodwill,Alison, and Humann (this issue) and Davis (this issue)

Abstract

Examinations of treatment attrition form an important – although sometimes neglected – component of evaluating a correctional programme's effectiveness in reducing recidivism. Previous research has identified offender characteristics that predict non-completion. This study investigated non-completion in 138 high-risk, violent male prisoners attending an intensive cognitive–behavioural programme. Almost one-third of men who commenced it did not complete the 7-month programme. Most asked to leave of their own accord, or were removed for ongoing offending. In contrast to previous research, no support was found for the hypothesis that those who terminated treatment prematurely were more in need of intervention than those who completed the programme; non-completers did not differ from completers on static estimates of criminal risk, PCL-R scores, demographic variables or self-report scales measuring dynamic risk factors. It was concluded that successful prediction using variables related to criminal risk and criminogenic need depends both on the characteristics of programme participants, and on contextual factors such as programme policies: when high-risk high needs offenders are a programme's target clientele, variables related to risk and need will have limited predictive utility. From a practice perspective, the programme was successful in retaining through to completion a relatively untreatable group: high-risk offenders with moderate to high PCL-R scores.     

Sex,Gender, Multidimensional Value Space,and Social Cultural Resistance—Afrocentrism

This article examines the applicability of the theory of multidimensional value space by Lynn A. Curtis and the theory of social cultural resistance—Afrocentrism by Daniel E. Georges-Abeyie for explaining so-called Black crime and Black juvenile delinquency in general and Black female crime and Black female juvenile delinquency in particular. It notes that the increase in so-called Black crime and Black juvenile delinquency in general and Black female crime and Black female juvenile delinquency in particular may be illusion, not fact. This article notes that perception, at times illusion, may have, and frequently does have, real outcomes, including criminal justice outcomes and delinquency outcomes. It notes that the so-called Black racial monolith is a fiction that race and ethnicity are distinct entities, as are sex and gender that the so-called Black racial monolith consists of distinct Black ethnic identities. The article notes that Black crime, female and male, and adult and juvenile delinquency may be manifestations of primary psychopathy, secondary psychopathy, and dyssocial psychopathy, as noted in the theory of social cultural resistance—Afrocentrism.     

On penal metrics

This paper presents the results of a public survey on the perceived severity of different kinds and levels of penalties gathered using magnitude estimation techniques. Three topics are dealt with. Individual scales of sentence severity are shown to be internally consistent. Then the structural properties of the severity scales of fine, imprisonment, community work, and probation are analyzed. Finally, what a given penalty is worth in relation to other types of punishment from the public's point of view is established and compared to existing exchange rates prescribed in legal statutues or practiced by criminal courts.     

城乡多维互动改革与发展法制研究——以财税法制研究为视角

统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区是化解二元结构的改革与发展的系统性试验工程,此举已然跨越了基层乡镇后农业税时代的财税桎梏,以期籍社会主义市场经济的制度创新、拼缝与叠加优势推动城乡统筹发展,使后农业税时代的乡镇财政困局在一个厚实而宏大的背景中实现城乡社会结构功能耦合的稳态社会目标。践行此目标无疑应是多维度透视城乡分隔渐行渐远的脉络与因果,进而"破门拆墙"拉近城乡距离,并依赖财税法制变革的管径,运用社会主义制度内在的积极再干预理念和社会结构理论的内生动力,推动城乡多维统筹互动发展,而不是无视历史沉疴单向度地推行经济或财税或户籍等制度变革。     

Time Radically Alters Ex Situ Evidentiary Soil 16S Bacterial Profiles Produced Via Next‐Generation Sequencing,,

Previous research has revealed the potential of soil bacterial profiling for forensic purposes; however, investigators have not thoroughly examined fluctuations in microbial profiles from soil aged on evidence. In this research, soils collected from multiple habitats were placed on evidence items and sampled over time, and then bacterial profiles were generated via next‐generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA locus. Bacterial abundance charts and nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots provided visual representation of bacterial profiles temporally, while supervised classification was used to statistically associate evidence to a source. The ex situ evidence soils displayed specific, consistent taxonomic changes as they aged, resulting in their drift in multidimensional space, but never toward a different habitat. Ninety‐five percent of the 364 evidentiary profiles statistically classified to the correct habitat, with misclassification generally stemming from evidence type and increased age. Ultimately, understanding bacterial changes that occur temporally in ex situ soils should enhance their use in forensic investigations.     

21世纪发展新观念:多维系统社会发展观

现代社会是一个多维发展系统 ,是在多维要素的融合中创造活力 ,通过“一分为多”和“合多为一”而发展的。 2 1世纪应当确立“多维系统发展”新观念。它要求全方位、多角度、多层次、多变量地认识社会 ,从协同、开放、整合中实现合力优化 ,寻求发展契机。多维系统社会发展观是矛盾辩证法的提升 ,是“一般系统论”的应用推广。中国现代化建设实践证明 ,多维系统发展观是 2 1世纪发展哲学的主流。