APK Auditor: Permission-based Android malware detection system

Android operating system has the highest market share in 2014; making it the most widely used mobile operating system in the world. This fact makes Android users the biggest target group for malware developers. Trend analyses show large increase in mobile malware targeting the Android platform. Android's security mechanism is based on an instrument that informs users about which permissions the application needs to be granted before installing them. This permission system provides an overview of the application and may help gain awareness about the risks. However, we do not have enough information to conclude that standard users read or digital investigators understand these permissions and their implications. Digital investigators need to be on the alert for the presence of malware when examining Android devices, and can benefit from supporting tools that help them understand the capabilities of such malicious code. This paper presents a permission-based Android malware detection system, APK Auditor that uses static analysis to characterize and classify Android applications as benign or malicious. APK Auditor consists of three components: (1) A signature database to store extracted information about applications and analysis results, (2) an Android client which is used by end-users to grant application analysis requests, and (3) a central server responsible for communicating with both signature database and smartphone client and managing whole analysis process. To test system performance, 8762 applications in total, 1853 benign applications from Google's Play Store and 6909 malicious applications from different sources were collected and analyzed by the system developed. The results show that APK Auditor is able to detect most well-known malwares and highlights the ones with a potential in approximately 88% accuracy with a 0.925 specificity.     

Maritime security and the common interests of India and China

The world has changed dramatically over the years, and being two of the world’s largest and most populous developing countries, India and China should remain in close touch on issues concerning developing nations. Today’s challenges to maritime security increasingly comprise more non-traditional threats, such as terrorist acts against shipping, trafficking in weapons of mass destruction, piracy and armed robbery at sea, illicit transportation in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and nuclear substances, and smuggling of people and arms. It is therefore important to intensify cooperation at all levels to address threats to maritime security and safety in a comprehensive manner through bilateral and multilateral instruments and mechanisms aimed at monitoring, preventing and responding to such threats.     

Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.     

乡土文学的“大题目“:略论20年代乡土文学对鲁迅的继承

２０年代乡土小说主流地位的确立和基本特征的形成,一个重要的原因在于它紧紧抓住了改造国民性文化批判的大题目。这个大题目的抓取和展开是在鲁迅的影响下进行的,具体表现于题材和主题的转换,文化视界的拓展,国民心态的揭示,民俗文化的批判等四个方面。     

用新安全观的视角看加强国际警务合作的必要

冷战后,中国提出以“互信、互利、平等、协作”为核心的新安全观,努力营造长期稳定、安全可靠的国际安全环境。新安全观需要新思维。在以合作求安全、以协商求安全,建立新的安全机制维护安全和坚持反霸反恐并重的思维。新安全观强调重视非传统安全威胁的因素,而国际警务合作是对付恐怖主义和跨国犯罪的有力武器之一,因此,应该用新安全观的视角来看加强国际警务合作的必要。     

习近平国家制度与法律制度思想论要

习近平国家制度与法律制度思想是马克思主义国家与法的学说中国化进程的最新重大理论成果,实现了马克思主义国家与法的学说中国化的第三次历史性飞跃.面对许多具有新的历史特点的伟大斗争,习近平以马克思主义的巨大理论勇气和坚韧行动意志,从历史与现实、理论与实践的有机结合上,深入分析了推进当代中国国家制度与法律制度建设的重大意义,精...     

论税收的民事保护

税收是以民事主体的经济活动为对象课赋和征收的,此类经济活动首先应为民商法所规律,因此,税收与民事法律密切相关。从公法的角度,结合私法的理念,以“公法之债”、税收优先权、税收代位权、税收撤销权和税收担保制度为切入点,对税收的民事保护进行系统的研究,以期对我国的税收理论与实践有所裨益。     

试论公安机关行政执法转型

在计划经济时期公安行政执法取得了很大成效。随着我国社会的快速发展,经济体制在转型,政治体制在完善,政府职能在转型,为此公安行政执法必须加快转型,以适应经济社会发展的需要,推进和谐社会建设。     

中国周边安全环境：分析框架、指标体系与评估

冷战结束以来,中国和西方对“安全环境”的界定不同,中国侧重于以发展界定安全,西方大国则注重以威胁界定安全。中国政府和学术界对“安全环境”的理解,已经从以军事安全为主演变为军事、政治、经济、舆论四位一体,更具复杂性和动态性特征。因此,作者构建了新时期评估周边安全环境的分析框架与指标体系,包括政治安全环境、军事安全环境、发展安全环境、舆论安全环境以及中国自身对周边环境的塑造能力等构件,这些指标囊括了现实主义、自由制度主义和建构主义的学理判断。文章利用世界银行数据库、清华大学当代国际关系研究院的“中外关系数据库”以及《人民日报》数据库对各细分指标进行无量纲化处理,设定并对比了三种场景下的中国周边安全环境指数。对1992-2011年周边安全环境的分析表明,中国周边安全环境处于不断改善中。不过,2008年以后三种场景产生较大分叉,中国有可能已经进入了一个与前十几年完全不同的状况,中国需要与周边国家共同构建长期稳定的周边安全合作环境。     

“拒绝衰落”与美国“要塞化”：特朗普的大战略

美国是大战略理论与实践的重镇。冷战结束后,“自由霸权主义”构成了美国大战略的基本内涵。在相对权势有所衰落的背景下,特朗普政府于2017年12月提出的新版《美国国家安全战略》体现出美国大战略转型的端倪。该战略是对“自由霸权主义”的颠覆：除在战略目标(追求或巩固世界霸权地位)大体一致外,该战略极力强调美国安全环境的恶化和外部挑战的大幅增强,在战略路径上主张单方面强化美国的经济与军事实力,放弃多边主义,撤回对国际机制的支持,以期在未来的大国竞争中取胜。特朗普的战略存在内在的缺陷,效果亦存在颇多不确定性,与国际政治经济发展趋势明显相悖,对中国国家安全环境产生了较为直接的影响。