最高人民法院如何执行公共政策——以应对金融危机的司法意见为分析对象

法院不仅仅具有适用法条解决纠纷的功能,而且还具有根据具体情势去准确、恰当地适用法律从而推进公共政策得以执行的功能。最高人民法院印发的一系列应对金融危机的公共政策对于保障公民生存权的的确确起到了重要的作用,并以实际行动践行了能动主义的司法哲学。但是,最高人民法院制定的应对金融危机的司法文件与国务院办公厅制定的相关文件呈现出亦步亦趋的特点。这种一一映射式地线性执行方式建立在社会功能分化不充分的前提上。法律系统应当是社会功能分化的一个独立的次系统,其运作应当是一个相对封闭的内部过程。就政府公共政策的执行而言,法院应当首先保持一种较为克制的态度,并通过宪法这一结构耦合机制形成司法在自治前提下的开放性。     

4万亿元扩张性财政政策的实施及影响

随着美欧等发达经济国家金融危机的蔓延,我国对宏观经济政策进行了重大调整,今后两年将投资4万亿元拉动国内经济,4万亿元扩大投资将通过乘数效应带动行业和地方经济增长。     

政策对象对地方政府政策执行力提升的影响

政策对象的成员数量、组织程度、拥有的社会资源、受教育程度、价值观念和认识能力对政策执行力有明显的影响。提高地方政府对民众的政策执行责任意识和加强政策对象自身的政策素养对提升地方政府政策执行力有重要意义。     

Militarizing peace: why did the Israeli military spearhead the Oslo Accords?

This article deals with the question of why the Israeli military played a major role in the design and implementation of the Oslo Accords in the years 1993–2000 even though this process was originally initiated as a diplomatic move. It is argued that the explanation lies in the army's role in politically mobilizing the anti-Oslo front comprised of religious and peripheral groups, most of whom had a nationalist agenda, as a strategy to counter their resistance to the Accords. The ‘people's army’, through which many of these groups attained social mobility and which they had traditionally trusted, was inherently the most effective mechanism for achieving this goal. This role was further intensified in light of the government's social policies that made these groups ‘peace losers’. Political recruitment took the form of the army's role in designing the Oslo arrangements as military ones.     

Why Foundations Flourish: A Comparative Policy Framework to Understand Policy Support for Foundations across Countries*

Abstract

Philanthropic foundations have bloomed since the 1990s, contributing to the expansion of third sectors worldwide. This research aims to contribute to the comparative analysis of the policy conditions that shape the development – size and structure – of foundation fields across countries. A framework for comparative policy analysis encompassing key dimensions of policy support – policy milestones, levers, and alternatives – is proposed and applied to five southwestern European countries. Results demonstrate that although Spain, France, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal have been traditionally clustered under the same corporatist foundation model, their foundation fields vary widely in terms of size, structure and institutional embeddedness.     

Ruralisation: a tool for rural transformation

There is a concept that development practitioners have either not heard of or not read, or have chosen to ignore – ruralisation. Unlike urbanisation in urban studies, ruralisation is rarely used as a concept in rural research. It remains a poorly explored concept. By challenging existing notions about the use of the concept, this article attempts to (re)introduce ruralisation as a fundamental concept in rural studies. What is ruralisation? Why do we need it? How can we use it for rural transformations? The article addresses these critical questions. It defines ruralisation and presents its conceptual framework for rural transformation.     

犯罪预备形态的价值分析

不同国家基于本国历史、文化、经济、政治等多方面的原因，对犯罪预备形态的处罚原则也不尽相同。社会的变革与震荡深刻影响着立法者的立法观念与刑事政策。犯罪预备形态作为一种犯罪现象，如何予以刑法上的规制，体现着法的事实分析和法的价值分析的对立统一。应当运用价值分析的方法，从一般价值到法的价值，再到刑法价值的思维路径，探寻犯罪预备形态真正的价值所在。     

城市空巢老年女性生存质量的影响因素与治理策略——基于“五普”和“六普”数据的比较研究

基于中国第五次和第六次人口普查数据,以积极老龄观为理论框架研究了影响城市空巢老年人生存质量的影响因素。通过数据比较发现,城市老年女性生存质量的下降并不必然是空巢的居住安排,其影响因素反而更多的是:女性平均预期寿命的延长而带来的健康风险的增大;老年女性间接参与社会生产(照看第三代和照料高龄患病老人)并未获得相应的劳动报酬;职业生涯的不连贯使得老年妇女的保障能力处于弱势地位。因此,要提升城市空巢老年女性的生存质量,理应从理念、政策、增权三个方面加以治理。     

渐进主义政策模式下的户籍制度改革路径分析

以城乡二元分割为特征的中国户籍制度,以及由此带来的以户籍为标准的城乡之间、不同地域城市之间公共物品配给的不公平,阻碍了人口的自由流动以及经济的发展;户籍制度越来越受到学术界和公众的批判,户籍制度本身也在被批判的浪潮中自我尝试改革,从目前各地户籍制度改革政策的调整来看,渐进主义的政策模式,一定程度上代表了未来户籍制度变革的方向。     

Globalization,Labor and the ‘Polanyi Problem’

As a consequence of the global economic crises of the 1970s, in Australia, micro-economic reform of the economy, and in particular the labour market, was seen as a key catalyst in providing a more competitive industrial base for the country. Underpinning this was a fundamental change in the conflictual industrial relations structure that had framed work patterns and practices since Federation. The Williamstown Naval Dockyard in Melbourne was the Australian Federal Government's premier dockyard. It had a long-standing reputation for poor productivity, inefficient work practices and industrial unrest and had been described as Australia's worst worksite. After several failed attempts to reform the dockyard, the Federal Government privatised this utility as a catalyst to reform the work culture. On 1 January 1988, the dockyard was transferred to the highly competitive private shipbuilding sector. As the first public utility sold by an Australian Federal Government and the first workplace to adopt micro-economic labour reforms, including enterprise bargaining, the dockyard provides an opportunity to examine the nature of workplace restructuring in the most radical time of change for labour and trade unions in Australia's history. The dockyard was seen at the time as at the vanguard of this change. This paper explores the reforms undertaken in the dockyard.