Selective abstention in simultaneous elections: Understanding the turnout gap

If two elections are held at the same day, why do some people choose to vote in one but to abstain in another? We argue that selective abstention is driven by the same factors that determine voter turnout. Our empirical analysis focuses on Sweden where the (aggregate) turnout gap between local and national elections has been about 2–3%. Rich administrative register data reveal that people from higher socio-economic backgrounds, immigrants, women, older individuals, and people who have been less geographically mobile are less likely to selectively abstain.     

Long‐Run Labor Market Effects of the Job Corps Program: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Experiment

Job Corps is the nation's largest and most comprehensive career technical training and education program for at‐risk youth ages 16 to 24. Using the sample from a large‐scale experiment of the program from the mid‐1990s, this article uses tax data through 2015 (20 years later) to examine long‐term labor market impacts. The study finds some long‐term beneficial effects for the older students, with employment gains of 4 percentage points, 40 percent reductions in disability benefit receipt, and 10 percent increases in tax filing rates in 2015. For these students, program benefits exceeded program costs from the social perspective. This study is the first to establish that a national program for disconnected youth can produce long‐term labor market gains, and can be a positive investment made for society. The results suggest that intensive, comprehensive services that focus on developing both cognitive and noncognitive skills are important for improving labor market prospects for this population.     

Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methodology in forensic toxicology: Modeling postmortem redistribution of structurally diverse drugs using multivariate statistics

Postmortem redistribution (PMR) constitutes a multifaceted process, which renders the analytical results of drug concentrations inaccurate to be interpreted by forensic toxicologists. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methodology could serve as an effective tool to estimate the ability of drugs to redistribute across tissue barriers during postmortem period on the basis of their molecular, physicochemical and structural properties. In this aspect, multivariate data analysis (MVDA) was applied to a set of 77 structurally diverse drugs. PMR data expressed by the central:peripheral concentration ratio (C:P ratio) was taken from the literature. An adequate and robust QSAR model (R² = 0.65, Q² = 0.56, RMSEE = 0.34) was established for 59 (77%) out of 77 drugs. Although the derived QSAR model presented limited applicability, it provided an informative illustration of the contributing molecular, physicochemical and structural properties in PMR process. Drugs with strong basic properties and enhanced molecular size, flexibility, lipophilicity and number of halogens were found to be susceptible to increased PMR. Due to the high complexity of PMR process, further QSAR studies need to focus on structurally related drugs to develop more specific models, which could serve as alternative tools to evaluate PMR for different chemical classes.     

Using State Child Labor Laws to Identify the Causal Effect of Youth Employment on Deviant Behavior and Academic Achievement

On the basis of prior research findings that employed youth, and especially intensively employed youth, have higher rates of delinquent behavior and lower academic achievement, scholars have called for limits on the maximum number of hours per week that teenagers are allowed to work. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to assess the claim that employment and work hours are causally related to adolescent problem behavior. We utilize a change model with age-graded child labor laws governing the number of hours per week allowed during the school year as instrumental variables. We find that these work laws lead to additional number of hours worked by youth, which then lead to increased high school dropout but decreased delinquency. Although counterintuitive, this result is consistent with existing evidence about the effect of employment on crime for adults and the impact of dropout on youth crime.

Assessing the (eco)macroeconomic performance index of India: A data envelopment analysis approach

The prime objective of this article is to construct a robust macroeconomic performance (MEP) index of the Indian economy using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Seven major macro indicators, namely, economic growth, employment rate, terms of trade, inflation rate, fiscal deficit, pollution, and climate change are used to compute MEP and Eco‐MEP indices of the Indian economy from 1980–1981 to 2018–2019. Overall, both the MEP and Eco‐MEP index scores have quite similar best performing years worst performing years, and have also captured the major events that affected adversely the Indian economy during the past decades. The trend in the overall performance of the Indian economy was better in the 1980s and the 1990s but has deteriorated since 2000. The autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approaches to cointegration methods are used to test the robustness/utility of these indices. The estimated results show that MEP and Eco‐MEP have a positive impact on private investment, foreign investment inflows, foreign direct investment, and a negative effect on the current account deficit. Hence, the suggested composite MEP index is stable, robust and truly captures the economic performance of India. The constructed MEP composite index may be used by foreign investors, rating agencies, private investors, and policymakers for their planning and decision‐making processes.     

计量经济研究实践中的数据运用误差

计量经济学方法已被广泛地应用于经济研究的各个领域,理论、方法、数据是计量经济研究的三大基本要素。综观国内大量的计量经济研究成果,我们发现不尽严密和科学之处并不少见。本文从数据运用角度,列举了计量经济研究实践中的三类偏误现象,以呼吁人们关注计量经济学研究的客观性     

Population data for Central Portugal population with NGM amplification kit

The purpose of this work was to establish frequencies and population statistic parameters for Central Portugal population using NGM amplification kit as well as carry out a comparative study with other population groups.     

论政府数据开放的收费定价及其法律规制

政府数据在法律性质上具有财产的属性,在实践中也具有可交易性的特点,是一种财产性权利。政府数据开放具有渐进性、开放性、价值性、时效性、周期性、非买断性和再利用性的特点,根据不同的标准可对其作相应的类型化区分。政府对于开放的数据进行收费定价有其合理基础,在数据开放定价模式上则有免费模式、按成本费用定价模式以及按“成本+利润”定价模式。我国政府数据开放的定价收费问题,应置于行政收费的法制框架下讨论,基于公平、效率和量能支付等行政收费的基本原则,确立向社会公众免费开放、向市场主体的商业化利用有限收费的制度。作为减损公民财产利益的负担行为,政府数据开放收费定价应受到法律的严格规制。在确立政府数据开放的基本定价模式基础上,由立法来创设数据的收费定价,完善收费程序,加强对收费定价行为的行政内部监督机制建设,从而推动政府数据有序、规范开放。     

数据要素对制造业高质量发展的影响——来自制造业上市公司微观视角的经验证据

随着数字经济与实体经济的不断融合发展,数据已经成为经济发展进程中的关键生产要素。基于手工整理的2011—2020年我国A股制造业上市公司年报数据的研究表明：制造业高质量发展是企业研发创新、生产制造、市场匹配三个环节整体联动实现更高效率发展的一种高级状态。数据要素能够显著促进我国制造业高质量发展,且主要是通过关键性技术突破与知识创新的研发创新效应、生产流程优化与协同的生产协同效应产生影响,但市场匹配效应尚未完全显现;数据要素对我国制造业高质量发展的推动作用在非国有企业、高技术密集度行业与东部地区更加显著。研究结论为数字经济时代下我国如何激活数据要素潜能、推进传统产业转型升级提供了政策启示。