Microsatellite autosomal genotyping data in four indigenous populations from El Salvador

Fifteen microsatellite loci (D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, PENTA E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, PENTA D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, and FGA) have been genotyped in four indigenous populations from El Salvador (Central America), namely, Conchagua, Izalco, Panchimalco, and San Alejo. Here we have obtained values for several indices of forensic interest for these population samples. Population differentiation test showed no significant statistical differences between these four populations, and an AMOVA test indicates that most of the genetic variation (approximately 100%) occurs within individuals. Population pairwise genetic comparisons with other population samples seem to indicate the existence of a major Native American component in the populations from El Salvador.     

职务犯罪预防的刑事政策意义

虽然刑事政策概念在逻辑上包括刑罚,但是这个概念的基本理论蕴涵和价值趋向却是在排斥并超越刑罚.所以说,与惩罚相对立的"预防"是刑事政策的核心.惩罚是不得已的下策,预防是积极主动的上策.现代刑事惩罚政策早已经发生了变化,单纯的惩罚已经不再是现代刑罚的主要内容.职务犯罪预防应当以刑事政策为根据,我国检察机关职务犯罪预防机构的设立是一种标志,开辟了我国刑事政策的新篇章.     

中国地方政府公共服务合同外包的发展现状——基于二手数据的分析

近年来,合同外包日益成为地方政府提供公共服务的重要机制。本文基于二手数据,在对地方政府公共服务合同外包发展状况(2000~2009)的概括性分析中发现,2000年以来,地方政府公共服务合同外包发展迅猛,其应用的广泛性和深入性均前所未有,并且逐步迈入法制化轨道。由于影响合同外包成效的因素相当复杂,政府显然缺乏相关操作经验,无论是在合同外包的决策当中还是在实施当中,"审慎"是最明智的策略。     

SSL VPN在校园网中的应用研究

校园网内网资源对于学校日常办公、教学、科研都非常重要,然而保护资源安全和方便校园网外部师生访问是矛盾的,而SSL VPN是一种新兴的以HTTPS为基础的VPN技术,为用户远程访问校园内部网络提供了安全保证,解决了学院师生无法利用互联网访问校园网内学院资源的问题.     

从非合理性三公消费探讨公职人员消费伦理

从非合理性的三公消费状况可以看出,目前我国公职人员的消费伦理存在着非道德正当性和非经济合理性的失范现象。重构我国公职人员的消费伦理,关键在于健全以公正为目标的社会制度保障,树立"自愿简朴"的消费文化认同,以及强调自身的道德自律。     

Biometric Security and Privacy Using Smart Identity Management and Interoperability: Validation and Vulnerabilities of Various Techniques

The central position of this article is that validation and interoperability are paramount for the effective and ethical use of biometrics. Illuminating the relevance for policymakers of the science underlying the security and privacy aspects of biometrics, this article calls for adequate and enforceable performance metrics that can be independently corroborated. Accordingly, the article considers biometrics and forensics for the dual challenges of addressing security and privacy using smart identity management. The discussion revolves around the concepts of “personally identifiable information” (PII) and interoperability with emphasis on quantitative performance analysis and validation for uncontrolled operational settings, variable demographics, and distributed and federated operations. Validation metrics includes expected rates of identification/misidentification, precision, and recall. The complementary concepts of identity and anonymity are addressed in terms of expected performance, functionality, law and ethics, forensics, and statistical learning. Biometrics encompasses appearance, behavior, and cognitive state or intent. Modes of deployment and performance evaluation for biometrics are detailed, with operational and adversarial challenges for both security and privacy described in terms of trustworthiness, vulnerabilities, functional creep, and feasibility of safeguards. The article underscores how lack of interoperability is mostly due to overfitting and tuning to well‐controlled settings, so that validation merely confirms “teaching to the test” rather than preparation for real‐world deployment. Most important for validation is reproducibility of results including full information on the experimental design used, that forensic exclusion is allowed, and that scientific methods for performance evaluation are followed. The article concludes with expected developments regarding technology use and advancements that bear on security and privacy, including data streams and video, de‐anonymization and reidentification, social media analytics and cyber security, and smart camera networks and surveillance.     

切实加强和改进工会院校信息资料工作

分析当前工会院校图书馆信息资料工作现状和存在的问题,为适应新时期工会院校教学和科研的需要,应从规范信息资料类型、扩大信息资料来源、完善信息资料管理、加大信息资料工作投入、提高工作人员素质等方面,加强和改进图书馆信息资料工作。     

论金融机构金融风险管理中的数据治理

在金融机构金融风险管理的过程中,通过经济数据的挖掘和分析,可以在一定程度上预先判断和预防金融风险的发生,而其中对金融数据的治理是其前提和关键所在。文章通过对金融数据治理内容和重要性的分析,引入实现金融数据治理的基本方法,构建了金融机构数据治理成熟度模型,从而最终提出对金融机构在金融风险管理过程中实现合理金融数据治理的建议。     

电子证据保全公证若干问题研究

电子证据保全公证属于中国公证机构保全证据公证业务范围,具有启动方式被动、无需提供担保、保全措施中立等特点。该文分析了电子证据保全公证在保全对象、申请审查、保全措施、公证书效力等方面与传统证据保全公证的不同,认为需要通过相关立法对其程序规则加以明确。目前中国公证机构仅对电子数据取得行为进行保全公证,随着电子数据鉴定技术的发展,在证据保全公证中引入电子数据原始性公证已不存在技术障碍,为此,该文提出应从法理、效力等层面对电子数据原始性公证展开研究。     

Ethno-Political Effects of Suburbanization in the Vilnius Urban Region: An Analysis of Voting Behavior

We use electoral data to analyze the ethno-political consequences that may arise from the fact that the region surrounding the city of Vilnius is dominated by residents with a Polish identity, while those who move to the suburbs are mainly ethnic Lithuanians. In the suburban ring we found increasing voting turnout, a decreasing share of votes for the Polish party, and an increase of the absolute number of votes for this party. The changing electoral behavior might be an indicator of growing ethno-political tensions and the zones of the most intense changes identify areas of potential social tensions between ethnic groups.