Indonesian local party politics

Since the fall of Soeharto in 1998, economic reforms have been linked to internationally supported programs to introduce market-facilitating “good governance” practices, which include the promotion of democratic elections and administrative and fiscal decentralization. International development organizations have thus put forward decentralization as necessary, essentially, to save Indonesia from becoming an irredeemably “failed state” — an issue that has now grown in importance because of the current nature of Western security concerns in Southeast Asia. But this article suggests that the way decentralization has actually taken place can only be understood in relation to the entrenchment of a democratic political regime run by the logic of money politics and violence, and primarily dominated by reconstituted old New Order elites. Taking local party politics in North Sumatra and East Java as case studies, the article shows that local constellations of power, with an interest in the perpetuation of predatory politics, still offer significant sites of resistance to the global neoliberal economic and political agenda.     

论公民海洋环境安全权——由渤海湾漏油事故引发的思考

2011年6月发生在我国渤海湾石油钻井平台的满油事故,给公民海洋环境利益造成巨大损害.目前受害公民实现索赔却略显艰难,其根源就在于公民海洋环境安全权的缺失.公民海洋环境安全权作为一种新兴的集合性权利,其产生和发展有着深刻的认识论、经济学和法学基础.该权利与其他公民权利并行不悖,并与其他法律制度相融合.本次渤海湾石油泄漏事故也在一定程度上拷问着公民海洋环境安全权的实践现状.     

A petro-formula and its world: calculating profits,labour and production in the assembling of Anglo-Iranian oil

Abstract

The paper explores how the calculative work of three different formulas shaped the history of oil in Iran in the first half of the twentieth century. British investors, Iranian government officials, oil workers and other actors battled over the construction and employment of a formula during the course of three different but interconnected disputes over oil profits, labour and production rates. Opening up the dynamics of a petroleum formula exposes how, on each occasion, certain political possibilities were opened or closed in the co-assembling of the Iranian state and Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. Scholarship on oil and Iran has not been able to account for the kinds of non-human actors, tools and machinery involved in the building of such a large-scale political project as an oil industry. Thus the paper draws on the current research on formulas and markets in science and technology studies but takes a different direction by looking at their political construction in the resolution of not just financial and economic problems, but social and political ones.     

Cursed resources,or articulations of economic theory in the Gulf of Guinea

Abstract

Economic experiments, or attempts to shape national and local economies with the help of economic theory, have been typical of post-war development efforts. Economic sociologists have explored the role of such experiments to demonstrate how economics – as a set of practices, ideas and technologies – enacts its worlds. This paper examines one such case of high-powered economic theory and its enactment in an emergent West African oil economy by focusing on economist Jeffrey Sachs's advisory project in São Tomé and Príncipe. It pivots on the ‘resource curse’, an economic device that has recently gained purchase in global policy circles. This paper argues that economic devices are not simply imposed on pre-arranged worlds. Instead, they collide with and adjust to already existing politico-economic and socio-cultural conditions, resulting in complex articulations. Drawing on ethnographic material, I critique the ability of the resource curse to make sense fully of apprehensions of the past, present and future consequences of extractive industry developments. Contrasting economic accounts of an incipient curse with competing and complementary local accounts of the effects of oil wealth, I propose a new model for the sociological analysis of the variety of articulations into which an economic device, such as the curse, may enter.     

俄《产品分割协议法》与萨哈林油气开发对我们的启示

俄罗斯自然资源非常丰富,为改善投资环境,吸引外资开发自然资源,俄1995年12月31日颁布了《产品分割协议法》,随后几年又对它进行了修改。《产品分割协议法》的出台促进了外资对俄矿产资源的勘探、开采和利用。萨哈林大陆架油气开发项目就是按产品分割协议进行的,萨哈林-2项目合作很成功,已如期产油。我国,尤其是黑龙江省应抓住机遇,仔细研究并利用《产品分割协议法》,借鉴萨哈林油气开发的经验,加速我省与俄油气资源合作的步伐。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌病三价油乳剂灭活疫苗的研究

以 1、2、10型鸭疫里氏杆菌 (RA)分离株为菌种 ,研制鸭疫里氏杆菌病三价油乳剂灭活疫苗。经无菌及安全检验合格后 ,对 6日龄樱桃谷雏鸭颈部皮下接种 0 .4mL/只 ,免疫后第 10、14、2 1和 3 5d分别用 1、2、10型RA强毒株攻击 ,第 14d的攻毒保护率为 91.7%～ 10 0 % ,3 5d的攻毒保护率为 66.6%～ 83 .3 %。田间试验结果表明 ,雏鸭 5～ 7日龄免疫后至上市保护率可达 95 .0 %～ 10 0 %。     

New Constellations of Social Power: States and Transnational Private Governance of Palm Oil Sustainability in Southeast Asia

ABSTRACT

This article considers whether private sustainability standards can lead to lasting change in corporate and state agricultural practices implicated in the environmental damage and social conflicts caused by oil palm cultivation in Indonesia and Malaysia by examining in detail the social processes through which non-state actors engage in governance. Sceptics of private regulation point to the powerful state–business patronage networks in these countries as structural impediments to reforming this sector. Drawing on the literature on global production networks, I show how producers deeply embedded within such supportive local political economies nevertheless choose to comply with stringent global private standards to reduce risks to their global operations. It was the renewed emphasis on supply chain “traceability” to demonstrate responsible corporate behaviour to investors, buyers and consumers that served to embed globally-oriented palm oil plantation firms and their upstream suppliers into emerging ethical supply chains. Embedding occurs through three social processes – surveillance, normalising judgement and knowledge transfer. The private regulatory developments analysed in this article, though relatively recent, are supported by a diverse transnational coalition of principled and instrumental interests and have created significant openings for a new, or at least, parallel, and more progressive, private regulatory order in Malaysia and Indonesia.     

液液萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定常见食用植物油中5种鸦片生物碱

目的建立酸化甲醇(pH=3)液液萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定常见食用植物油中5种鸦片生物碱吗啡、可待因、蒂巴因、罂粟碱、那可汀的检验方法。方法样品加入正己烷摇匀后用酸化甲醇(pH=3)提取,BEH C18色谱柱分离,乙腈(0.01%甲酸)-水(0.01%甲酸+0.05%氨水,体积比)梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)及多反应监测模式检测。结果结果显示5种待测成分在0.5~300ng/g范围内线性关系良好;方法检出限(S/N=3)在0.1~2ng/g间、定量限(S/N=10)在0.5~3ng/g间;回收率(20ng/g,200ng/g)在82.0%~101.4%间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.4%~4.2%,基质效应(20ng/g,200ng/g)在-5.3%~5.8%间,日间精密度为2.8%~6.7%。结论本方法前处理简单、耗时短,溶剂使用量少,灵敏度高,适合大批量常见食用植物油中5种鸦片生物碱的同时检测。     

The governance of shale gas production in South Africa

The proper governance of shale gas mining in the Karoo region of South Africa is important. With an estimated 390 trillion cubic feet of recoverable shale gas, large economic gains are possible. This may dramatically change the South African energy sector; in the United States, similar explorations have led to what pundits term the ‘shale gas revolution’. The development and production of shale gas hold economic advantages, but also potential environmental costs, thus the regulation of fracking activities is an important consideration as the development of shale gas in the Karoo progresses. This study reviews the regulations imposed in other countries as well as the current regulatory framework of South Africa. This article analyses these regulations in terms of the content of fracking fluid, seismic activity and the pricing regime. Effective regulation will be key to maximise a positive impact, should shale gas development continue.