亳州产4种药用菊花栽培品种内在质量的比较研究

目的 通过比较亳州地区4种药用菊花栽培品种的化学成分,为药用菊花的质量评价提供参考。方法以绿原酸、木犀草苷、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、总挥发油含量为检测指标,对同一栽培环境下的4种药用菊花栽培品种的化学成分含量进行测定。结果 4种药用菊花栽培品种的绿原酸、木犀草苷、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量以杭白菊最高,亳菊最低;总挥发油含量以杭白菊最高,小白菊最低,亳菊挥发油颜色为蓝色。结论 菊花的主要化学成分含量因栽培品种不同而存在明显差异,亳菊挥发油颜色与其他3种不同,即品种与质量之间存在一定的相关性。     

万花油外用结合物理疗法治疗慢性肾衰竭血液透析患者动静脉内瘘血肿48例

目的观察万花油外用结合物理疗法对慢性肾衰竭血液透析患者动静脉内瘘血肿的临床疗效。方法将96例慢性肾衰竭血液透析动静脉内瘘血肿患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各48例。对照组给予冰敷、热敷及红外照射的物理治疗,治疗组在对照组疗法基础上加用万花油,两组均治疗至血肿消失。比较两组患者治疗3d后血肿消退情况、血肿局部疼痛评分情况及治疗结束后随访6个月时的并发症发生情况。结果治疗组血肿消退情况明显优于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后内瘘局部血肿疼痛均明显减轻(P0.05),但治疗组治疗后疼痛评分下降程度显著大于对照组(P0.05)。随访6个月后,治疗组患者内瘘血流不足、静脉炎、内瘘狭窄、血栓形成的发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论万花油外用结合物理疗法可促进透析患者动静脉内瘘血肿的消退,减轻局部疼痛,减少并发症的发生。     

Gendered experiences of dispossession: oil palm expansion in a Dayak Hibun community in West Kalimantan

This article explores the gendered experience of monocrop oil-palm expansion in a Hibun Dayak community in Sanggau District, West Kalimantan (Indonesia). It shows how the expanding corporate plantation and contract farming system has undermined the position and livelihood of indigenous women in this already patriarchal community. The shifting of land tenure from the community to the state and the practice of the ‘family head’ system of smallholder plot registration has eroded women's rights to land, and women are becoming a class of plantation labour. At the same time, as in other cases of expansion of agrarian corporate commodity production, we can discern a familiar pattern of ambivalence between, on the one hand, the attractions of regular cash income and, on the other, the loss of resource tenure and autonomy, which helps to explain the community's gendered experience of coercion, exploitation, intimidation, consent and resistance.     

经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激小鼠PTSD样行为及海马GluN2A、GluN2B表达的影响

目的 评价经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激（single-prolonged stress,SPS）诱导的小鼠创伤后应激障碍（posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD）样行为的作用,并从突触的角度探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 通过气相色谱—质谱联用定性分析沉香精油主要成分;将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、沉香精油低剂量组、沉香精油高剂量组和阳性药组\[罗利普兰(Rolipram,ROL)\],每组8只。采用行为学实验评价SPS小鼠的PTSD样行为：分别通过恐惧记忆测试实验检测小鼠恐惧凝滞时间,旷场和高架十字迷宫实验评价小鼠的焦虑样行为。Western blot法检测小鼠海马组织N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR）2A亚单位（GluN2A）、2B亚单位（GluN2B）蛋白表达水平。结果 沉香精油样品中共检测到117种挥发性成分。动物实验结果表明,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠表现出强烈的焦虑样行为及恐惧记忆消退异常（P＜0.05）,而沉香精油及阳性药ROL可明显改善SPS小鼠的异常行为（P＜0.05）,并逆转GluN2A、GluN2B的异常表达（P＜0.05）。结论 经鼻给药沉香精油对SPS诱导的小鼠PTSD样行为具有改善作用,其机制可能与调控GluN2A、GluN2B蛋白表达有关。     

Labor History—Past,Present, and Future

ABSTRACT

While much recent literature has focused on the environmental cost of carbon fuels, these sources of energy generated large human costs in the work environment as well. Work in coal mines was famously dangerous. And while petroleum, gas extraction and refining were also risky, this paper demonstrates that they were far less dangerous than was coal, while energy productivity per worker was also higher in oil than coal. Relying in part on previously unexploited data, the paper also shows that on the eve of World War II, the human costs of energy – measured by fatalities per btu of output – were sharply less in oil and gas production than in coal mining. Thus the great twentieth century energy transition from coal to liquid and gaseous fuels reduced both the environmental and the workplace costs per unit of energy.     

Managing the Hazard of Marine Oil Pollution in Alaska

This study examines the development of safeguards against marine oil pollution in Alaska since the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster, in which oil spilled from the tanker Exxon Valdez polluted more than 2,000 kilometers of Alaskan coastline. Since 1989, a series of enduring institutional reforms have contributed to major enhancements in the safeguards against the continuing hazard of marine oil pollution in Alaska. This study is the first to comprehensively examine these new institutions and safeguards in two regions of Alaska with marine oil transportation systems. The major oil production streams of Alaska are transported through these two regions. In comparing the development of oil pollution safeguards in these two regions, this study finds a pattern of enduring yet unequal policy reforms.     

印楝油对小鼠的急性毒性试验和蓄积毒性研究

采用改良寇氏法进行了印楝油的急性毒性试验,采用固定剂量蓄积毒性系数法进行了蓄积毒性试验,以评价印楝油的安全性。在急性毒性试验中,给试验组小鼠灌服不同浓度的印楝油,观察给药后14d内小鼠的活动情况及死亡情况,采用改良寇氏公式计算LD50及可信限,测定了印楝油经口给药的LD50。蓄积毒性试验中,试验组小鼠采用固定剂量(1/5LD50)连续经口给药28d后,以蓄积系数评价其蓄积毒性,并对各组小鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾的脏器系数及饲料利用率进行了测定。结果显示,印楝油经口的LD50为31.95g/kg;蓄积系数K大于5;试验组与对照组相比,饲料利用率与各脏器系数无明显差异(P0.05)。结果表明,印楝油属于实际无毒物质,且在小鼠体内几乎不具有蓄积毒性作用。     

Federalism and Governability in Brazil: Oil Royalties in Dispute

This article discusses the relationship between governability and federalism in Brazil, analysing the dispute among Brazilian states for oil royalties. This conflict features an unusual pattern in federal legislative voting, leading to regional alignment, rather than the usual party political configuration. This study explains the phenomenon by showing how this organisation makes it possible to align the preferences of national party leaders, regional party leaders, parliamentarians, and each state's voters. The political influence of governors and mayors is also underlined, and the Union's role in the process is described in detail.     

Land,development and contract farming on the Guatemalan oil palm frontier

Integration of smallholder agriculture into oil palm production schemes has been advocated as a strategy for rural poverty reduction in the global South, including Guatemala, where the crop had been promoted through a contentious government programme. This study, set in Guatemala’s northern lowlands, challenges the official narrative that smallholder oil palm cultivation catalyses rural development and deters peasant land sales. Results indicate that oil palm expansion is accelerating land sales and provides minimal benefits, namely non-inclusive and precarious jobs. The host community is becoming increasingly susceptible to global market volatility, as oil palm puts pressure on subsistence farming and eliminates other livelihood options.     

From colony to oil producer: US oil companies and the reshaping of labor relations in Libya during the Cold War

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes the labor relations the US government and American oil companies introduced in Libya between the Suez Crisis of 1956 and the rise of Muammar Qaddafi’s regime in 1969. It argues that labor policies played a crucial role in American Cold War efforts to place Libya in the Western bloc and assure access to its oil resources. Like in other contexts, the American government relied on anti-Communist trade unions, in particular the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), to oppose radical forms of labor organizing. Bini examines the ways in which Libyan oil workers resisted the forms of segregation and discrimination introduced in oil camps and company towns, by demanding the right to redefine labor relations through trade unions, and establishing ties with other trade unions in Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria. This article shows that despite American efforts to repress Libyan trade unions, in the second half of the 1960s oil workers were a crucial force in redefining international oil politics. During the Six Day War of 1967, they constituted one of the main forces behind Libya’s support of oil nationalism and set the stage for the emergence of Qaddafi’s regime in 1969.