司法鉴定基本理论之再检讨

司法鉴定应当具有主体特殊性、对象专门性、启动被动性和结果科学性四个基本特征 ,为此 ,建立鉴定人资格确认和审查制度十分必要 ;限定鉴定对象的范围也应成为鉴定制度的要素。强调鉴定程序启动的被动性有利于保持鉴定的中立性 ,并划清鉴定权和司法权的界限 ;强调鉴定结果的科学性则有利于确定鉴定的效力制度。     

英国宪政传统的历史成因

英国早在盎格鲁 -撒克逊时代就滋生了“王在法下”的法治传统和政治协商传统的最初萌芽。诺曼征服后 ,在强大王权和贵族联合势力大致平衡的力量对比条件下 ,封建法历史地充当了推动法治传统成长的“不自觉工具”。随后形成的普通法以其特有的判例法形式、相对独立的法庭组织、司法职业化以及富有理性的审判方法 ,进一步巩固了英国法治传统的制度基础。与此同时 ,古代的政治协商传统发展到了具有一定代议性质的政治协商新阶段。到中世纪末 ,以普通法制度和议会制度为支柱的宪政传统在英国确立起来。总而言之 ,促成英国宪政传统形成的根本原因还在于国家和社会的适度紧张关系与相对均衡结构。     

英美法中名誉损害案件的几个问题

在英美法中,名誉损害是一种独立的侵权行为,名誉损害案件有其自己的特点和一般的规律,本文从其性质分类、构成和抗辩三个方面勾勒了英美法中名誉损害侵权行为法中的有关基本内容,最后是一个简短的总结。     

论沉默权在我国刑事诉讼中的客观存在

沉默权是现代法治国家犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事诉讼中享有的一项基本权利，也是刑事司法正当程序的一项重要保障。沉默权在我国的刑事诉讼立法中尚无明确规定，但无论是从权利的自身属性，还是从我国刑事诉讼法的本意，或者是从形式逻辑的思维规律等方面，都有充分理由证明沉默权在我国刑事诉讼中的客观存在。因此，如何确实有效地保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的沉默权，杜绝刑讯逼供现象发生，应是我国刑事诉讼立法和司法实践急需研究和迫切解决的重要课题。     

法权关系为什么是客观的社会存在——答孙国华教授和管仁林博士的质疑

本文从法和法律的本源和本体上论述法(社会自在的法权关系)与法律(制定法)的区别,指出由经济关系所派生和决定的法权关系(实际的权利义务关系),是自然形成的客观社会存在。法权关系(客观法)是经济基础与其上层建筑中的法律(主观法)之间的中介。经济关系、法(法权关系)与法律这三者之间,是本质内容、本质形式和外在形式的关系。     

论人民代表人身特权的法律保护

为了保证代表或议员更好地履行宪法和法律职责，同时也为了保证由代表或议员组成的代表机关或代议机构能够正常地依法履行国家权力机关的职责，必须要对代表或议员的人身自由给予特殊保护。这种特殊保护的制度目的不是要赋予代表或议员超越于一般公民之上的不平等的特权，而是为了要保证由代表或议员组成的国家权力机关或立法机关能够有效地行使国家权力。因此，在法律制度上必须赋予代表或议员以一定的人身特权，但是，为了防止代表或议员滥用这种权利，各个国家在代表或议员人身特权制度方面都确立了比较严格的规范制度，一是司法机关限制代表或议员的人身自由必须经过代表机关或代议机构的许可，这可以视为代表机关或代议机构自身相对于司法机关的防御权；二是对于并不会实质影响到代表机关或代议机构履行宪法和法律职责的代表或议员的人身特权加以必要的限制，以防止代表或议员滥用这种人身特权来谋取特权和私利。结合我国现行宪法、组织法和代表法的规定，探讨我国各级人民代表大会人民代表依法享有人身特权的条件、内容、程序以及法律限制，旨在针对实践中存在的各种侵犯代表人身特权的行为以及代表滥用人身特权的行为提出相关的解决问题的对策和建议。     

Growing Without Pains? Explaining Liberal Democrat MPs' Behaviour

Recent academic studies and wider commentary on the behaviour of Liberal Democrat MPs have recognised their relatively high level of cohesiveness on whipped votes when compared to that of Labour and the Conservatives, and to the Liberal Democrats' own reputation; but while this trend continues, few studies have focused upon its causes. This article uses the MPs' voting records, personal papers, interviews and wider contextual data to chart the extent of that unity over time, and to explore its origins, including group composition, structure, patronage, relations with the extra-parliamentary party and other parties as well as national party image. It finds the key to this unity in a combination of medium and long-term features of the Liberal and Liberal Democrat group of MPs, rather than a short-term singular determinant.     

犯罪嫌疑人未成年亲属作证之保护——由“校长拒绝警察询问学生”切入

我国现行刑事诉讼立法中，犯罪嫌疑人未成年亲属负有作证义务违背了社会的基本道德伦理，针对未成年人作证的保护机制存在疏漏。新修订的《刑事诉讼法》在一定范围内承认了亲属间的作证特免权，完善了法定代理人到场制度。考虑到证人人权保护、未成年人的健康成长与社会和谐，今后立法上有必要进一步扩大亲属作证特免权的范围，借鉴合适成年人参与制度，完善未成年人作证的保护。     

Steering and Monitoring Model of State-Owned Enterprises

The aim of this study is to systematize the heterogeneous field of stated-owned enterprises (SOEs) especially for steering and monitoring purposes. Based on the existent literature and the heterogeneous field of the Finnish state’s share portfolio, we create a model for steering and monitoring purposes. In our model, the SOEs are grouped into categories according to how much the state as an owner is concerned with the social service assignment principle, strategic interests, or purely shareholder value interests. Consistency in the basis, extent, and listing status of SOEs for steering and reporting creates good preconditions for ownership policy decision-making and ultimately improves the outcomes of ownership policy and steering.     

“Be a Mighty Hard Message”: Toni Morrison’s Beloved and the Exploration of Whiteness in the Post-Apartheid Classroom

In post-apartheid classrooms students sometimes regard systemic racial oppression as distant history. They often note that they “did” apartheid at school. This paper considers how teaching Toni Morrison’s Beloved can prompt a profound self-examination in both black and white South African students. Beloved demands the active participation of the “born free” generation in a deliberate, serious engagement with the traumatic historical past. Furthermore, Morrison’s interrogation of white behavior, white constructions of black people, and the threat of racialized violence that whiteness contains within it, can productively challenge white racial identity. Teaching this novel has provided some insight into the continued articulation of white privilege and aversive racism among white South African students. Some are unnerved, express resistance, or refuse the novel’s inquiry into race. I discuss how I encourage my students to heed Morrison’s call to engage with historical memory so as to move towards a more viable future.