维护国家安全与社会稳定的理论逻辑、历史演变与实践路径

正确认识国家安全与社会稳定的逻辑关系与体系结构,是新时代推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,开展国家安全工作的重要思想基础。西方政治思想中“社会产生国家”与“国家决定社会”两种较为主流的理论观点,都明确了国家对社会秩序和个人权利的保障作用。马克思主义则从社会决定国家出发,强调国家维护安全的外部职能与社会管理的内部职能,确立了维护国家安全与社会稳定的理论分析框架。总体国家安全观提出“统筹外部安全和内部安全”,是对马克思主义的创新性发展,维护国家安全与社会稳定呈现嵌入性、同构性与层次性的特征。新中国成立以后巩固新生社会主义政权是维护国家安全的首要任务;改革开放后突出强调社会稳定,维护国家安全为创造稳定的社会环境服务;中共十八大之后,中国坚持以总体国家安全观为指导,统筹发展与安全,建设更高水平的平安中国,维护国家安全和社会稳定。新时代国家安全工作应当遵循国家安全中央事权与社会稳定地方事权的治理事权逻辑,市民社会与政治国家二分治理结构下国家、政府、社会治理层级逻辑,法治国家、法治政府、法治社会的法治逻辑,国家安全风险与社会稳定风险的风险治理逻辑,以更好维护国家安全与社会稳定。     

对宗族势力与农村稳定的思考

宗族势力虽对农村稳定存在某些负面作用,但从社会宏观层面及纵深角度探析,宗族不仅能满足农民的本体性需求及有利于人际关系的整合,而且还能弥补政府某些功能的不足及制衡农村基层干部的腐败.如把宗族势力视为异己,不仅会增大治理难度,而且会大幅度提高治理成本.     

政治稳定视野中的利益关系分析

体制转轨时期 ,利益关系的重新调整与组合 ,特别是各种利益之间的分化 ,对当代中国的政治稳定和政治发展具有双重效应。在改革发展进程中应积极构建系统的利益协调机制 ,以机制的有效运作协调各种利益关系 ,实现和保持利益分化与政治稳定之间的和谐共进 ,促进国家的长治久安和社会的有序发展。     

Military Integration,Demobilization, and the Recurrence of Civil War

ABSTRACT

Peace agreements often include provisions for the military integration of the conflict parties, involving an increase in government forces, and at the same time requesting demobilization and thus a reduction of military personnel. Depending on the modalities and magnitude both can be strong signals of a commitment to the peace process. However, tensions between these two concepts can also endanger post-conflict stability. The empirical analyses of 77 post-conflict societies show that civil war is more likely to recur if rebel forces are kept separate during the military integration process and if the military plays an important role in post-conflict economies.     

The Stability of 4-Chloromethcathinone in Blood and Vitreous Humor

We present results of our study on the stability of 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) in authentic postmortem peripheral blood and vitreous humor samples. The stability of 4-CMC was determined in postmortem blood samples (for a period of 90 days) and vitreous humor (30 days) at three different temperatures: −15°C, +4°C, and + 23°C. The analyses were carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). In both materials, the lowest 4-CMC stability was demonstrated at room temperature. The blood samples stored in a freezer (−15°C) showed stability for the entire study period (90 days), while in the case of the vitreous humor sample stored at the same temperature the concentration of the substance decreased by 53% after 30 days. The study carried out in authentic postmortem blood and vitreous humor samples confirms the previous reports of 4-CMC instability in biological material. Authors suggest that the biological material should be stored frozen until analyses are carried out as soon as possible after collection of the material.     

The autocratic mandate: elections,legitimacy and regime stability in Singapore

This paper explains how authoritarian regimes employ flawed elections to obtain both short-term legitimacy and long-term stability. In conjunction with the use of co-optation and repression, it argues that ruling parties hold de jure competitive elections to claim what is termed autonomous legitimation. This denotes the feigning of conformity to the established rules of the constitution and the shared beliefs of citizens. Regardless of overall turnout and support, ruling parties exploit the normative and symbolic value of elections in order to establish moral grounds for compliance within a dominant-subordinate relationship. In support of this argument, the case of Singapore's People's Action Party (PAP) is analysed in historical and contemporary terms. Since 1959, the PAP has used precisely timed elections to extract one or more mandate types from citizens and, by extension, claim legitimacy. In particular, it has sort a mandate based on its response to an event, execution of a policy and/or collection of a reward. In the long run, autocratic stability has been achieved through a process of reciprocal reinforcement, which has combined autonomous legitimation with targeted co-optation and low intensity coercion. The paper concludes by addressing the generalisability of this finding for other authoritarian regimes in Southeast Asia.     

死后血浆和溶血样本中IgE的稳定性

目的 探究死后血浆和溶血样本中免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)经过不同保存条件及冻融处理后的稳定性.方法 选取39例死后48 h内非冷冻尸体的心血样本,其中20例取血浆样本,19例取全血制成溶血样本.将样本置于-20℃、4℃、25℃条件下保存28 d及-80℃条件下保存1年以探究IgE在不同保存...     

Looking beyond the economy: Pussy Riot and the Kremlin's voting coalition

The arrest of the protest punk band Pussy Riot (PR) in March 2012 and the subsequent prosecution of three band members pose a significant puzzle for political science. Although PR's performances presented a coherent alternative to the Putin regime's image of Russian reality, it was unlikely that the discordant music and crude lyrics of their art protest would inspire Russian society to take to the streets. Yet, the regime mounted a very visible prosecution against the three young women. We argue that the trial marked a shift in the Kremlin's strategy to shape state–society relations. In the face of declining economic conditions and social unrest, the PR trial encapsulated the Kremlin's renewed focus on three related mechanisms to insure social support: coercion, alliance building, and symbolic politics. The PR trial afforded the Kremlin an important opportunity to simultaneously redefine its loyal constituency, secure the Church–state relationship, and stigmatize the opposition.     

论构建和谐社会的制度保障

构建社会主义和谐社会需要有力的制度保障和有效的实施机制,构建和谐社会的制度保障需要从改革和稳定两个方面入手建设制度体系,并在动态发展中调整、优化和完善制度体系。要以科学改革观统领改革并完善制度,做到“六个完善、一个深化”;要以科学发展观维护稳定并强化制度,做到“一个提高、八个强化”。     

非政府组织发展对我国社会稳定的影响

改革开放以来,我国非政府组织如雨后春笋般蓬勃发展,在促进基层民主政治建设、社会治理、经济建设等方面发挥了积极作用,取得了显著成绩,日益引起社会各界的关注。特别是在应对灾变、群体性事件等突发事件中所充当的"第三方"的重要角色,使得非政府组织在维护社会稳定过程中的重要性日益凸现。但其消极影响也逐步显现出来,在某种程度上成为我国政府社会治理工作所面临的一项新的挑战。