贫富差距对社会和谐稳定的影响及其对策

贫富差距的程度与社会和谐稳定状况呈负相关关系。近年来,中国急剧扩大的贫富差距,已经开始影响到社会的和谐稳定。促进经济的快速增长,加大公平优先的二、三次分配力度,完善社会保障体系,强化“社会安全阀”,疏通社会各阶层之间流动的通道,降低因“寻租”和“共谋”等滥用权力的行为造成的贫富差距对弱势群体带来的消极影响,不仅是缩小贫富差距的基础,也是实现社会和谐稳定的必然要求。     

农村群体性事件与社会和谐稳定

农村群体性事件是由三农问题引发的诸多人民内部矛盾激化而成的农民群体抗争表现形式,是社会转型期农民群体利益表达和权利诉求非常化的自力救济方式。正确认识和处理社会转型期农村人民内部矛盾,通过政策调整、制度安排和法治保障等途径,保障农民群体的合法权益,是有效预防农村群体性事件,促进社会和谐稳定的必由之路。农村群体性事件的突发性、群体性、过激性和破坏性,必然对整个社会秩序产生消极影响。一旦处置失当,必将演变为社会治理危机。政府及其有关职能部门必须将其纳入公共危机管理系统,认真防范,依法处置。     

旅游地区维护稳定的战略思考

维护旅游地区的稳定 ,是创造长期和谐稳定的社会环境、促进旅游经济发展的重要保障。旅游地区政法机关应当坚持维护稳定的战略方针 :一、坚持“稳定压倒一切”的方针 ;二、树立服务意识 ,坚持严格、公正文明执法 ;三、坚持打防结合 ,预防为主 ,落实社会治安综合治理 ;四、大力加强政法队伍建设。     

社会稳定与刑罚改革的人权刑法观思考

我国刑法中有关“非监禁刑”的规定需要修改和完善,这是刑罚改革的一项重要内容,它与保证社会稳定的关系密切,其本质涉及到对人权刑法观认识的深化。     

Viewing the Crime Wave from the Inside: Perceived Rates of Extortion among Restauraeurs in Germany

The rarer and more serious a type of crime is, the more the public depends on mediated experiences, either via acquaintances or via the mass media. Prior criminological research has also made the point that although the media over-represent and dramatise certain crimes (e.g. by establishing and referring to so-called crime waves) the public perception shows some resistance to these influences and maintains a certain kind of resilience and validity of its own. The mass media discourse in 1990s Germany on extortion of restaurateurs (e.g. via protection rackets) is embedded in the wider interpretation frame of organised crime and is dominated by the assumption that for restaurateurs of foreign origin, especially in big cities, the confrontation is omnipresent. The following article presents the results of a survey of restaurateurs (n = 7,900, Winter 1995/96). In discussing the representativeness and validity of the reported direct, vicarious and perceived victimisation, it is suggested that the aggregate of the perceived victimisation is the most valid measure. However, the perception of the Lebenswelt-experts is far from the media's claim of a ubiquitous threat.     

The Associations Among Perceived Pubertal Timing, Parental Relations and Self-Perception in Turkish Adolescents

This study is primarily aimed at investigating how pubertal timing is perceived in urban Turkish adolescents in terms of their feelings about maturation, their relationships with their parents, and their self-perception. A total of 697 high-school students (360 girls, 337 boys) between the ages of 14 and 18 (M=16.15, SD=1.08) were included in this study. The findings indicated that most of the adolescents perceived themselves as on-time developers in comparison with their peers. Consistent with widely available research data in the literature regarding the impact of early versus late maturation, girls who mature early and boys who mature late reported more negative feelings about pubertal maturation. In addition, those who matured early reported greater conflict and disagreement with their parents and more negative communication with their fathers than the adolescents who matured on- time. Adolescents who were less satisfied with their physical appearance were more likely to have negative feelings about pubertal maturation. Sex was found to act as a moderator of relationships between global self-worth and feelings about pubertal maturation. In conclusion, this study, conducted with Turkish urban adolescents, suggests that the impact of early versus late maturation differs between girls and boys, which is consistent with widely available data in the literature.     

Perceived Sibling Relationships and Adolescent Development

Utilizing longitudinal, 3-wave data collected from multiple informants (fathers, mothers, and target children) in 374 families, the potential effects of sibling relationships on adolescent development across early and middle adolescence were investigated. Adolescents who perceived their sibling relationships more positively at Time 1 tended to have better friendships and higher self-esteem at Time 2, which, in turn, were associated with less loneliness, less depression, and fewer delinquent behaviors and less substance use at Time 3. Moreover, a bidirectional relationship was found between adolescent self-esteem and the quality of their sibling relationships, suggesting that a more positive sibling relationship helps to enhance adolescent self-esteem, and that higher adolescent self-esteem predicts a more positive sibling relationship. A bidirectional relationship was also found between adolescent sibling relationships and adolescent friendships. However, a much stronger association between adolescent sibling relationships at Time 1 and adolescent friendships at Time 2, than between adolescent friendships at Time 1 and adolescent sibling relationships at Time 2, may suggest that the quality of an earlier sibling relationship is more predictive of the quality of a later friendship for adolescents rather than the other way around.     

影响社会稳定的政治因素及评估指标

影响社会稳定的因素有很多,如经济因素、政治因素、文化因素和国际因素等等,它们共同构成了一个系统,维持着一个国家的稳定。但政治因素因为其涉及到了国家能否存在的问题所以显得尤其关键。     

关于人民币升值预期下我国货币政策有关问题的思考

在人民币升值预期下,中国要扩大对外开放,从中国自身的利益角度出发,应该实施由市场供求决定的灵活的汇率制度。政府不要干预过多,否则不可能存在比较独立的货币政策。因此,在我国建立一个有效的货币政策体系前,必须保持汇率稳定,以减少风险和波动。     

贪污贿赂犯罪数额的确定

近年来查办贪污贿赂犯罪案件工作中存在起刑点标准不一,定罪数额标准越提越高,犯罪数额对量刑无足轻重,以致影响国家刑事法律在对贪污贿赂犯罪案件中的统一正确实施,影响司法公正的现象.通过剖析立法中存在的缺陷及其表现形式,提出了"应以当地国家工作人员年度平均工资为参数,以动态表述的方式在立法上确定贪污受贿犯罪数额"的观点.